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< nav class = "collapse bd-links" id = "bd-docs-nav" > < div class = "bd-toc-item" >
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Getting started
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Introduction
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Download
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Contents
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Browsers & devices
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JavaScript
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Theming
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Build tools
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Accessibility
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Layout
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Overview
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Grid
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Media object
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Utilities for layout
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Content
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Reboot
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Figures
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Components
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Alerts
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Badge
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Breadcrumb
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Buttons
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Button group
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Card
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Carousel
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Collapse
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Dropdowns
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Forms
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Input group
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Jumbotron
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List group
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Modal
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Navs
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Navbar
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< a href = "/docs/4.1/components/pagination/" >
Pagination
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Popovers
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< a href = "/docs/4.1/components/progress/" >
Progress
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< a href = "/docs/4.1/components/scrollspy/" >
Scrollspy
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Tooltips
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Utilities
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Borders
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Clearfix
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Close icon
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Colors
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Display
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< a href = "/docs/4.1/utilities/embed/" >
Embed
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< a href = "/docs/4.1/utilities/flex/" >
Flex
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Float
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Image replacement
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Position
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Screenreaders
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Shadows
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Sizing
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< a href = "/docs/4.1/utilities/spacing/" >
Spacing
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Text
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Vertical align
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Visibility
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Extend
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< a href = "/docs/4.1/extend/approach/" >
Approach
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Icons
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Migration
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< a class = "bd-toc-link" href = "/docs/4.1/about/overview/" >
About
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Overview
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< a href = "/docs/4.1/about/brand/" >
Brand
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< a href = "/docs/4.1/about/license/" >
License
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Translations
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< li class = "toc-entry toc-h2" > < a href = "#responsive-breakpoints" > Responsive breakpoints< / a > < / li >
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< main class = "col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 py-md-3 pl-md-5 bd-content" role = "main" >
< h1 class = "bd-title" id = "content" > Overview< / h1 >
< p class = "bd-lead" > Components and options for laying out your Bootstrap project, including wrapping containers, a powerful grid system, a flexible media object, and responsive utility classes.< / p >
< script async src = "https://cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?zoneid=1673&serve=C6AILKT&placement=getbootstrapcom" id = "_carbonads_js" > < / script >
< h2 id = "containers" > Containers< / h2 >
< p > Containers are the most basic layout element in Bootstrap and are < strong > required when using our default grid system< / strong > . Choose from a responsive, fixed-width container (meaning its < code class = "highlighter-rouge" > max-width< / code > changes at each breakpoint) or fluid-width (meaning it’ < code class = "highlighter-rouge" > 100%< / code > wide all the time).< / p >
< p > While containers < em > can< / em > be nested, most layouts do not require a nested container.< / p >
< div class = "bd-example" >
< div class = "bd-example-container" >
< div class = "bd-example-container-header" > < / div >
< div class = "bd-example-container-sidebar" > < / div >
< div class = "bd-example-container-body" > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< figure class = "highlight" > < pre > < code class = "language-html" data-lang = "html" > < span class = "nt" > < div< / span > < span class = "na" > class=< / span > < span class = "s" > "container"< / span > < span class = "nt" > > < / span >
< span class = "c" > < !-- Content here --> < / span >
< span class = "nt" > < /div> < / span > < / code > < / pre > < / figure >
< p > Use < code class = "highlighter-rouge" > .container-fluid< / code > for a full width container, spanning the entire width of the viewport.< / p >
< div class = "bd-example" >
< div class = "bd-example-container bd-example-container-fluid" >
< div class = "bd-example-container-header" > < / div >
< div class = "bd-example-container-sidebar" > < / div >
< div class = "bd-example-container-body" > < / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< figure class = "highlight" > < pre > < code class = "language-html" data-lang = "html" > < span class = "nt" > < div< / span > < span class = "na" > class=< / span > < span class = "s" > "container-fluid"< / span > < span class = "nt" > > < / span >
...
< span class = "nt" > < /div> < / span > < / code > < / pre > < / figure >
< h2 id = "responsive-breakpoints" > Responsive breakpoints< / h2 >
< p > Since Bootstrap is developed to be mobile first, we use a handful of < a href = "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries" > media queries< / a > to create sensible breakpoints for our layouts and interfaces. These breakpoints are mostly based on minimum viewport widths and allow us to scale up elements as the viewport changes.< / p >
< p > Bootstrap primarily uses the following media query ranges—or breakpoints—in our source Sass files for our layout, grid system, and components.< / p >
< figure class = "highlight" > < pre > < code class = "language-scss" data-lang = "scss" > < span class = "c1" > // Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)< / span >
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< span class = "c1" > // No media query for `xs` since this is the default in Bootstrap< / span >
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< span class = "c1" > // Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)< / span >
< span class = "k" > @media< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > min-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 576px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)< / span >
< span class = "k" > @media< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > min-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 768px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // Large devices (desktops, 992px and up)< / span >
< span class = "k" > @media< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > min-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 992px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // Extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)< / span >
< span class = "k" > @media< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > min-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 1200px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / figure >
< p > Since we write our source CSS in Sass, all our media queries are available via Sass mixins:< / p >
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< figure class = "highlight" > < pre > < code class = "language-scss" data-lang = "scss" > < span class = "c1" > // No media query necessary for xs breakpoint as it's effectively `@media (min-width: 0) { ... }`< / span >
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< span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-up< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > sm< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-up< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > md< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-up< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > lg< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-up< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > xl< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< span class = "c1" > // Example: Hide starting at `min-width: 0`, and then show at the `sm` breakpoint< / span >
< span class = "nc" > .custom-class< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< span class = "nl" > display< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > none< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-up< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > sm< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< span class = "nc" > .custom-class< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< span class = "nl" > display< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > block< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "p" > }< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / figure >
< p > We occasionally use media queries that go in the other direction (the given screen size < em > or smaller< / em > ):< / p >
< figure class = "highlight" > < pre > < code class = "language-scss" data-lang = "scss" > < span class = "c1" > // Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)< / span >
< span class = "k" > @media< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > max-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 575< / span > < span class = "mi" > .98px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // Small devices (landscape phones, less than 768px)< / span >
< span class = "k" > @media< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > max-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 767< / span > < span class = "mi" > .98px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // Medium devices (tablets, less than 992px)< / span >
< span class = "k" > @media< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > max-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 991< / span > < span class = "mi" > .98px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // Large devices (desktops, less than 1200px)< / span >
< span class = "k" > @media< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > max-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 1199< / span > < span class = "mi" > .98px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // Extra large devices (large desktops)< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // No media query since the extra-large breakpoint has no upper bound on its width< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / figure >
< div class = "bd-callout bd-callout-info" >
< p > Note that since browsers do not currently support < a href = "https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-4/#range-context" > range context queries< / a > , we work around the limitations of < a href = "https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-4/#mq-min-max" > < code class = "highlighter-rouge" > min-< / code > and < code class = "highlighter-rouge" > max-< / code > prefixes< / a > and viewports with fractional widths (which can occur under certain conditions on high-dpi devices, for instance) by using values with higher precision for these comparisons.< / p >
< / div >
< p > Once again, these media queries are also available via Sass mixins:< / p >
< figure class = "highlight" > < pre > < code class = "language-scss" data-lang = "scss" > < span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-down< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > xs< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-down< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > sm< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-down< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > md< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-down< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > lg< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // No media query necessary for xl breakpoint as it has no upper bound on its width< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // Example: Style from medium breakpoint and down< / span >
< span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-down< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > md< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< span class = "nc" > .custom-class< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< span class = "nl" > display< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > block< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "p" > }< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / figure >
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< p > There are also media queries and mixins for targeting a single segment of screen sizes using the minimum and maximum breakpoint widths.< / p >
< figure class = "highlight" > < pre > < code class = "language-scss" data-lang = "scss" > < span class = "c1" > // Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)< / span >
< span class = "k" > @media< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > max-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 575< / span > < span class = "mi" > .98px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)< / span >
< span class = "k" > @media< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > min-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 576px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "nf" > and< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > max-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 767< / span > < span class = "mi" > .98px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)< / span >
< span class = "k" > @media< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > min-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 768px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "nf" > and< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > max-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 991< / span > < span class = "mi" > .98px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // Large devices (desktops, 992px and up)< / span >
< span class = "k" > @media< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > min-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 992px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "nf" > and< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > max-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 1199< / span > < span class = "mi" > .98px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // Extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)< / span >
< span class = "k" > @media< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > min-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 1200px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / figure >
< p > These media queries are also available via Sass mixins:< / p >
< figure class = "highlight" > < pre > < code class = "language-scss" data-lang = "scss" > < span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-only< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > xs< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-only< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > sm< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-only< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > md< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-only< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > lg< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-only< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > xl< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / figure >
< p > Similarly, media queries may span multiple breakpoint widths:< / p >
< figure class = "highlight" > < pre > < code class = "language-scss" data-lang = "scss" > < span class = "c1" > // Example< / span >
< span class = "c1" > // Apply styles starting from medium devices and up to extra large devices< / span >
< span class = "k" > @media< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > min-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 768px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "nf" > and< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > max-width< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 1199< / span > < span class = "mi" > .98px< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / figure >
< p > The Sass mixin for targeting the same screen size range would be:< / p >
< figure class = "highlight" > < pre > < code class = "language-scss" data-lang = "scss" > < span class = "k" > @include< / span > < span class = "nd" > media-breakpoint-between< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > md< / span > < span class = "o" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > xl< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nc" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / figure >
< h2 id = "z-index" > Z-index< / h2 >
< p > Several Bootstrap components utilize < code class = "highlighter-rouge" > z-index< / code > , the CSS property that helps control layout by providing a third axis to arrange content. We utilize a default z-index scale in Bootstrap that’ < / p >
< p > These higher values start at an arbitrary number, high and specific enough to ideally avoid conflicts. We need a standard set of these across our layered components—tooltips, popovers, navbars, dropdowns, modals—so we can be reasonably consistent in the behaviors. There’ ’ < code class = "highlighter-rouge" > 100< / code > + or < code class = "highlighter-rouge" > 500< / code > +.< / p >
< p > We don’ < / p >
< figure class = "highlight" > < pre > < code class = "language-scss" data-lang = "scss" > < span class = "nv" > $zindex-dropdown< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 1000< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "nb" > default< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< span class = "nv" > $zindex-sticky< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 1020< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "nb" > default< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< span class = "nv" > $zindex-fixed< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 1030< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "nb" > default< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< span class = "nv" > $zindex-modal-backdrop< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 1040< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "nb" > default< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< span class = "nv" > $zindex-modal< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 1050< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "nb" > default< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< span class = "nv" > $zindex-popover< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 1060< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "nb" > default< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< span class = "nv" > $zindex-tooltip< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "m" > 1070< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "nb" > default< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / figure >
< p > To handle overlapping borders within components (e.g., buttons and inputs in input groups), we use low single digit < code class = "highlighter-rouge" > z-index< / code > values of < code class = "highlighter-rouge" > 1< / code > , < code class = "highlighter-rouge" > 2< / code > , and < code class = "highlighter-rouge" > 3< / code > for default, hover, and active states. On hover/focus/active, we bring a particular element to the forefront with a higher < code class = "highlighter-rouge" > z-index< / code > value to show their border over the sibling elements.< / p >
< / main >
< / div >
< / div >
< script src = "https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" integrity = "sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" crossorigin = "anonymous" > < / script >
< script > window . jQuery || document . write ( '<script src="/assets/js/vendor/jquery-slim.min.js"><\/script>' ) < / script >
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< script src = "/assets/js/vendor/popper.min.js" integrity = "sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" crossorigin = "anonymous" > < / script > < script src = "/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity = "sha384-smHYKdLADwkXOn1EmN1qk/HfnUcbVRZyYmZ4qpPea6sjB/pTJ0euyQp0Mk8ck+5T" crossorigin = "anonymous" > < / script > < script src = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.js" > < / script > < script src = "/assets/js/docs.min.js" > < / script >
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< / body >
< / html >
