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Browsers and devices &middot; Bootstrap
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<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#supported-browsers">Supported browsers</a>
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<main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 py-md-3 pl-md-5 bd-content" role="main">
<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Browsers and devices</h1>
<p class="bd-lead">Learn about the browsers and devices, from modern to told, that are supported by Bootstrap, including known quirks and bugs for each.</p>
<script async type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?zoneid=1673&serve=C6AILKT&placement=getbootstrapcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script>
<h2 id="supported-browsers">Supported browsers</h2>
<p>Bootstrap supports the <strong>latest, stable releases</strong> of all major browsers and platforms. On Windows, <strong>we support Internet Explorer 10-11 / Microsoft Edge</strong>.</p>
<p>Alternative browsers which use the latest version of WebKit, Blink, or Gecko, whether directly or via the platforms web view API, are not explicitly supported. However, Bootstrap should (in most cases) display and function correctly in these browsers as well. More specific support information is provided below.</p>
<h3 id="mobile-devices">Mobile devices</h3>
<p>Generally speaking, Bootstrap supports the latest versions of each major platforms default browsers. Note that proxy browsers (such as Opera Mini, Opera Mobiles Turbo mode, UC Browser Mini, Amazon Silk) are not supported.</p>
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<thead>
<tr>
<td></td>
<th>Chrome</th>
<th>Firefox</th>
<th>Safari</th>
<th>Android Browser &amp; WebView</th>
<th>Microsoft Edge</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Android</th>
<td class="text-success">Supported</td>
<td class="text-success">Supported</td>
<td class="text-muted">N/A</td>
<td class="text-success">Android v5.0+ supported</td>
<td class="text-muted">N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">iOS</th>
<td class="text-success">Supported</td>
<td class="text-success">Supported</td>
<td class="text-success">Supported</td>
<td class="text-muted">N/A</td>
<td class="text-muted">N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Windows 10 Mobile</th>
<td class="text-muted">N/A</td>
<td class="text-muted">N/A</td>
<td class="text-muted">N/A</td>
<td class="text-muted">N/A</td>
<td class="text-success">Supported</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="desktop-browsers">Desktop browsers</h3>
<p>Similarly, the latest versions of most desktop browsers are supported.</p>
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<thead>
<tr>
<td></td>
<th>Chrome</th>
<th>Firefox</th>
<th>Internet Explorer</th>
<th>Microsoft Edge</th>
<th>Opera</th>
<th>Safari</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Mac</th>
<td class="text-success">Supported</td>
<td class="text-success">Supported</td>
<td class="text-muted">N/A</td>
<td class="text-muted">N/A</td>
<td class="text-success">Supported</td>
<td class="text-success">Supported</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Windows</th>
<td class="text-success">Supported</td>
<td class="text-success">Supported</td>
<td class="text-success">Supported, IE10+</td>
<td class="text-success">Supported</td>
<td class="text-success">Supported</td>
<td class="text-danger">Not supported</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>For Firefox, in addition to the latest normal stable release, we also support the latest <a href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/organizations/faq/">Extended Support Release (ESR)</a> version of Firefox.</p>
<p>Unofficially, Bootstrap should look and behave well enough in Chromium and Chrome for Linux, Firefox for Linux, and Internet Explorer 9, though they are not officially supported.</p>
<p>For a list of some of the browser bugs that Bootstrap has to grapple with, see our <a href="/docs/4.0/browser-bugs/">Wall of browser bugs</a>.</p>
<h2 id="internet-explorer">Internet Explorer</h2>
<p>Internet Explorer 10+ is supported; IE9 and down is not. Please be aware that some CSS3 properties and HTML5 elements are not fully supported in IE10, or require prefixed properties for full functionality. Visit <a href="http://caniuse.com/">Can I use…</a> for details on browser support of CSS3 and HTML5 features.</p>
<p><strong>If you require IE8-9 support, use Bootstrap 3.</strong> Its the most stable version of our code and is still supported by our team for critical bugfixes and documentation changes. However, no new features will be added to it.</p>
<h2 id="internet-explorer-10-in-windows-phone-8">Internet Explorer 10 in Windows Phone 8</h2>
<p>Internet Explorer 10 in Windows Phone 8 versions older than <a href="https://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2013/10/14/introducing-windows-phone-preview-for-developers/">Update 3 (a.k.a. GDR3)</a> doesnt differentiate <strong>device width</strong> from <strong>viewport width</strong> in <code class="highlighter-rouge">@-ms-viewport</code> at-rules, and thus doesnt properly apply the media queries in Bootstraps CSS. To address this, youll need to <strong>include the following JavaScript to work around the bug</strong>.</p>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="c1">// Copyright 2014-2017 The Bootstrap Authors</span>
<span class="c1">// Copyright 2014-2017 Twitter, Inc.</span>
<span class="c1">// Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/master/LICENSE)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">navigator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">userAgent</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">match</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sr">/IEMobile</span><span class="se">\/</span><span class="sr">10</span><span class="se">\.</span><span class="sr">0/</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">msViewportStyle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'style'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">msViewportStyle</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">appendChild</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createTextNode</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">'@-ms-viewport{width:auto!important}'</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">appendChild</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">msViewportStyle</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
<p>For more information and usage guidelines, read <a href="https://timkadlec.com/2013/01/windows-phone-8-and-device-width/">Windows Phone 8 and Device-Width</a>.</p>
<p>As a heads up, we include this in all of Bootstraps documentation and examples as a demonstration.</p>
<h2 id="modals-and-dropdowns-on-mobile">Modals and dropdowns on mobile</h2>
<h3 id="overflow-and-scrolling">Overflow and scrolling</h3>
<p>Support for <code class="highlighter-rouge">overflow: hidden;</code> on the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;body&gt;</code> element is quite limited in iOS and Android. To that end, when you scroll past the top or bottom of a modal in either of those devices browsers, the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;body&gt;</code> content will begin to scroll. See <a href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=175502">Chrome bug #175502</a> (fixed in Chrome v40) and <a href="https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=153852">WebKit bug #153852</a>.</p>
<h3 id="ios-text-fields-and-scrolling">iOS text fields and scrolling</h3>
<p>As of iOS 9.2, while a modal is open, if the initial touch of a scroll gesture is within the boundary of a textual <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;input&gt;</code> or a <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;textarea&gt;</code>, the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;body&gt;</code> content underneath the modal will be scrolled instead of the modal itself. See <a href="https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=153856">WebKit bug #153856</a>.</p>
<h3 id="navbar-dropdowns">Navbar Dropdowns</h3>
<p>The <code class="highlighter-rouge">.dropdown-backdrop</code> element isnt used on iOS in the nav because of the complexity of z-indexing. Thus, to close dropdowns in navbars, you must directly click the dropdown element (or <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Events/click#Safari_Mobile">any other element which will fire a click event in iOS</a>).</p>
<h2 id="browser-zooming">Browser zooming</h2>
<p>Page zooming inevitably presents rendering artifacts in some components, both in Bootstrap and the rest of the web. Depending on the issue, we may be able to fix it (search first and then open an issue if need be). However, we tend to ignore these as they often have no direct solution other than hacky workarounds.</p>
<h2 id="sticky-hoverfocus-on-mobile">Sticky <code class="highlighter-rouge">:hover</code>/<code class="highlighter-rouge">:focus</code> on mobile</h2>
<p>Even though real hovering isnt possible on most touchscreens, most mobile browsers emulate hovering support and make <code class="highlighter-rouge">:hover</code> “sticky”. In other words, <code class="highlighter-rouge">:hover</code> styles start applying after tapping an element and only stop applying after the user taps some other element. On mobile-first sites, this behavior is normally undesirable.</p>
<p>Bootstrap includes a workaround for this, although it is disabled by default. By setting <code class="highlighter-rouge">$enable-hover-media-query</code> to <code class="highlighter-rouge">true</code> when compiling from Sass, Bootstrap will use <a href="https://github.com/twbs/mq4-hover-shim">mq4-hover-shim</a> to disable <code class="highlighter-rouge">:hover</code> styles in browsers that emulate hovering, thus preventing sticky <code class="highlighter-rouge">:hover</code> styles. There are some caveats to this workaround; see the shims documentation for details.</p>
<h2 id="printing">Printing</h2>
<p>Even in some modern browsers, printing can be quirky.</p>
<p>As of Safari v8.0, use of the fixed-width <code class="highlighter-rouge">.container</code> class can cause Safari to use an unusually small font size when printing. See <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/14868">issue #14868</a> and <a href="https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=138192">WebKit bug #138192</a> for more details. One potential workaround is the following CSS:</p>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-css" data-lang="css"><span class="k">@media</span> <span class="n">print</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nc">.container</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">auto</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="android-stock-browser">Android stock browser</h2>
<p>Out of the box, Android 4.1 (and even some newer releases apparently) ship with the Browser app as the default web browser of choice (as opposed to Chrome). Unfortunately, the Browser app has lots of bugs and inconsistencies with CSS in general.</p>
<h4 id="select-menu">Select menu</h4>
<p>On <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;select&gt;</code> elements, the Android stock browser will not display the side controls if there is a <code class="highlighter-rouge">border-radius</code> and/or <code class="highlighter-rouge">border</code> applied. (See <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14744437/html-select-box-not-showing-drop-down-arrow-on-android-version-4-0-when-set-with">this StackOverflow question</a> for details.) Use the snippet of code below to remove the offending CSS and render the <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;select&gt;</code> as an unstyled element on the Android stock browser. The user agent sniffing avoids interference with Chrome, Safari, and Mozilla browsers.</p>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;script&gt;</span>
<span class="nx">$</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">nua</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">navigator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">userAgent</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">isAndroid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nua</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">indexOf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Mozilla/5.0'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nx">nua</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">indexOf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Android '</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nx">nua</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">indexOf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'AppleWebKit'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nx">nua</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">indexOf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Chrome'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">isAndroid</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">$</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'select.form-control'</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">removeClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'form-control'</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">css</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'width'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'100%'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">})</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/script&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>
<p>Want to see an example? <a href="http://jsbin.com/OyaqoDO/2">Check out this JS Bin demo.</a></p>
<h2 id="validators">Validators</h2>
<p>In order to provide the best possible experience to old and buggy browsers, Bootstrap uses <a href="http://browserhacks.com">CSS browser hacks</a> in several places to target special CSS to certain browser versions in order to work around bugs in the browsers themselves. These hacks understandably cause CSS validators to complain that they are invalid. In a couple places, we also use bleeding-edge CSS features that arent yet fully standardized, but these are used purely for progressive enhancement.</p>
<p>These validation warnings dont matter in practice since the non-hacky portion of our CSS does fully validate and the hacky portions dont interfere with the proper functioning of the non-hacky portion, hence why we deliberately ignore these particular warnings.</p>
<p>Our HTML docs likewise have some trivial and inconsequential HTML validation warnings due to our inclusion of a workaround for <a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=654072">a certain Firefox bug</a>.</p>
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