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rewrite some grid docs

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Mark Otto 2015-08-10 15:37:27 -07:00
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@ -4,41 +4,51 @@ title: Grid system
group: layout
---
Bootstrap includes a powerful mobile-first grid system for building layouts of all shapes and sizes based on a 12 column layout. There are multiple tiers, one for each [media query range]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/media-queries/), made available via our predefined classes or semantic mixins.
Here's how the grid system works:
- There are three major components—containers, rows, and columns.
- Containers—`.container` for fixed width or `.container-fluid` for full width—center your site's contents.
- Rows are horizontal groups of columns that clear floats (when not in [flexbox mode]({{ site.baseurl }}/getting-started/flexbox/)).
- Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows.
- You can use predefined grid classes or Sass mixins for more semantic markup.
Bootstrap includes a powerful mobile-first grid system for building layouts of all shapes and sizes. It's based on a 12 column layout and has multiple tiers, one for each [media query range]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/overview/#responsive-breakpoints). You can use it with Sass mixins or our predefined classes.
## Contents
* Will be replaced with the ToC, excluding the "Contents" header
{:toc}
## Quick start
## How it works
- Example grid class
- Example mixins
At a high level, here's how the grid system works:
## Introduction
Grid systems are used for creating page layouts through a series of rows and columns that house your content. Here's how the Bootstrap grid system works:
- Rows must be placed within a `.container` (fixed-width) or `.container-fluid` (full-width) for proper alignment and padding.
- Use rows to create horizontal groups of columns.
- There are three major components—containers, rows, and columns.
- Containers—`.container` for fixed width or `.container-fluid` for full width—center your site's contents and help align your grid content.
- Rows are horizontal groups of columns that ensure your columns are lined up properly.
- Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows.
- Predefined grid classes like `.row` and `.col-xs-4` are available for quickly making grid layouts. Sass mixins can also be used for more semantic layouts.
- Columns create gutters (gaps between column content) via `padding`. That padding is offset in rows for the first and last column via negative margin on `.row`s.
- The negative margin is why the examples below are outdented. It's so that content within grid columns is lined up with non-grid content.
- Grid columns are created by specifying the number of twelve available columns you wish to span. For example, three equal columns would use three `.col-xs-4`.
- If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line.
- Grid classes apply to devices with screen widths greater than or equal to the breakpoint sizes, and override grid classes targeted at smaller devices. Therefore, applying any `.col-md-` class to an element will not only affect its styling on medium devices but also on large devices if a `.col-lg-` class is not present.
- Column classes indicate the number of columns you'd like to use out of the possible 12 per row. So if you want three equal-width columns, you'd use `.col-sm-4`.
- Column `width`s are set in percentages, so they're always fluid and sized relative to their parent element.
- Columns have horizontal `padding` to create the gutters between individual columns.
- There are five grid tiers, one for each [responsive breakpoint]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/overview/#responsive-breakpoints): extra small, small, medium, large, and extra large.
- Grid tiers are based on minimum widths, meaning they apply to that one tier and all those above it (e.g., `.col-sm-4` applies to small, medium, large, and extra large devices).
- You can use predefined grid classes or Sass mixins for more semantic markup.
Look to the examples for applying these principles to your code.
Sounds good? Great, let's move on to seeing all that in an example.
## Quick start example
If you're using Bootstrap's compiled CSS, this the example you'll want to start with.
{% example html %}
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-4">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm-4">
One of three columns
</div>
<div class="col-sm-4">
One of three columns
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endexample %}
The above example creates three equal-width columns on small, medium, large, and extra large devices using our [predefined grid classes](). Those columns are centered in the page with the parent `.container`.
## Grid options
@ -50,24 +60,24 @@ See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>
Extra small devices
<small>Portrait phones (&lt;34em)</small>
Extra small
<small>&lt;34em</small>
</th>
<th>
Small devices
<small>Landscape phones (&ge;34em)</small>
Small
<small>&ge;34em</small>
</th>
<th>
Medium devices
<small>Tablets (&ge;48em)</small>
Medium
<small>&ge;48em</small>
</th>
<th>
Large devices
<small>Desktops (&ge;62em)</small>
Large
<small>&ge;62em</small>
</th>
<th>
Extra large devices
<small>Desktops (&ge;75em)</small>
Extra large
<small>&ge;75em</small>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
@ -266,18 +276,6 @@ Using a single set of `.col-md-*` grid classes, you can create a basic grid syst
{% endexample %}
</div>
### Example: Fluid container
Turn any fixed-width grid layout into a full-width layout by changing your outermost `.container` to `.container-fluid`.
{% highlight html %}
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
...
</div>
</div>
{% endhighlight %}
### Example: Mobile and desktop
Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding `.col-xs-*` and `.col-md-*` to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.