Over a dozen reusable components built to provide iconography, dropdowns, input groups, navigation, alerts, and much more.
Glyphicons
Available glyphs
Includes over 250 glyphs in font format from the Glyphicon Halflings set. Glyphicons Halflings are normally not available for free, but their creator has made them available for Bootstrap free of cost. As a thank you, we only ask that you include a link back to Glyphicons whenever possible.
glyphicon glyphicon-asterisk
glyphicon glyphicon-plus
glyphicon glyphicon-euro
glyphicon glyphicon-eur
glyphicon glyphicon-minus
glyphicon glyphicon-cloud
glyphicon glyphicon-envelope
glyphicon glyphicon-pencil
glyphicon glyphicon-glass
glyphicon glyphicon-music
glyphicon glyphicon-search
glyphicon glyphicon-heart
glyphicon glyphicon-star
glyphicon glyphicon-star-empty
glyphicon glyphicon-user
glyphicon glyphicon-film
glyphicon glyphicon-th-large
glyphicon glyphicon-th
glyphicon glyphicon-th-list
glyphicon glyphicon-ok
glyphicon glyphicon-remove
glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in
glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-out
glyphicon glyphicon-off
glyphicon glyphicon-signal
glyphicon glyphicon-cog
glyphicon glyphicon-trash
glyphicon glyphicon-home
glyphicon glyphicon-file
glyphicon glyphicon-time
glyphicon glyphicon-road
glyphicon glyphicon-download-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-download
glyphicon glyphicon-upload
glyphicon glyphicon-inbox
glyphicon glyphicon-play-circle
glyphicon glyphicon-repeat
glyphicon glyphicon-refresh
glyphicon glyphicon-list-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-lock
glyphicon glyphicon-flag
glyphicon glyphicon-headphones
glyphicon glyphicon-volume-off
glyphicon glyphicon-volume-down
glyphicon glyphicon-volume-up
glyphicon glyphicon-qrcode
glyphicon glyphicon-barcode
glyphicon glyphicon-tag
glyphicon glyphicon-tags
glyphicon glyphicon-book
glyphicon glyphicon-bookmark
glyphicon glyphicon-print
glyphicon glyphicon-camera
glyphicon glyphicon-font
glyphicon glyphicon-bold
glyphicon glyphicon-italic
glyphicon glyphicon-text-height
glyphicon glyphicon-text-width
glyphicon glyphicon-align-left
glyphicon glyphicon-align-center
glyphicon glyphicon-align-right
glyphicon glyphicon-align-justify
glyphicon glyphicon-list
glyphicon glyphicon-indent-left
glyphicon glyphicon-indent-right
glyphicon glyphicon-facetime-video
glyphicon glyphicon-picture
glyphicon glyphicon-map-marker
glyphicon glyphicon-adjust
glyphicon glyphicon-tint
glyphicon glyphicon-edit
glyphicon glyphicon-share
glyphicon glyphicon-check
glyphicon glyphicon-move
glyphicon glyphicon-step-backward
glyphicon glyphicon-fast-backward
glyphicon glyphicon-backward
glyphicon glyphicon-play
glyphicon glyphicon-pause
glyphicon glyphicon-stop
glyphicon glyphicon-forward
glyphicon glyphicon-fast-forward
glyphicon glyphicon-step-forward
glyphicon glyphicon-eject
glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left
glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right
glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-minus-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-remove-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-ok-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-info-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-screenshot
glyphicon glyphicon-remove-circle
glyphicon glyphicon-ok-circle
glyphicon glyphicon-ban-circle
glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-left
glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-right
glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up
glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-down
glyphicon glyphicon-share-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-resize-full
glyphicon glyphicon-resize-small
glyphicon glyphicon-exclamation-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-gift
glyphicon glyphicon-leaf
glyphicon glyphicon-fire
glyphicon glyphicon-eye-open
glyphicon glyphicon-eye-close
glyphicon glyphicon-warning-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-plane
glyphicon glyphicon-calendar
glyphicon glyphicon-random
glyphicon glyphicon-comment
glyphicon glyphicon-magnet
glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-up
glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-down
glyphicon glyphicon-retweet
glyphicon glyphicon-shopping-cart
glyphicon glyphicon-folder-close
glyphicon glyphicon-folder-open
glyphicon glyphicon-resize-vertical
glyphicon glyphicon-resize-horizontal
glyphicon glyphicon-hdd
glyphicon glyphicon-bullhorn
glyphicon glyphicon-bell
glyphicon glyphicon-certificate
glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up
glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down
glyphicon glyphicon-hand-right
glyphicon glyphicon-hand-left
glyphicon glyphicon-hand-up
glyphicon glyphicon-hand-down
glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right
glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left
glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-up
glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-down
glyphicon glyphicon-globe
glyphicon glyphicon-wrench
glyphicon glyphicon-tasks
glyphicon glyphicon-filter
glyphicon glyphicon-briefcase
glyphicon glyphicon-fullscreen
glyphicon glyphicon-dashboard
glyphicon glyphicon-paperclip
glyphicon glyphicon-heart-empty
glyphicon glyphicon-link
glyphicon glyphicon-phone
glyphicon glyphicon-pushpin
glyphicon glyphicon-usd
glyphicon glyphicon-gbp
glyphicon glyphicon-sort
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-alphabet
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-alphabet-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-order
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-order-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-attributes
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-attributes-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-unchecked
glyphicon glyphicon-expand
glyphicon glyphicon-collapse-down
glyphicon glyphicon-collapse-up
glyphicon glyphicon-log-in
glyphicon glyphicon-flash
glyphicon glyphicon-log-out
glyphicon glyphicon-new-window
glyphicon glyphicon-record
glyphicon glyphicon-save
glyphicon glyphicon-open
glyphicon glyphicon-saved
glyphicon glyphicon-import
glyphicon glyphicon-export
glyphicon glyphicon-send
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-disk
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-saved
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-remove
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-save
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-open
glyphicon glyphicon-credit-card
glyphicon glyphicon-transfer
glyphicon glyphicon-cutlery
glyphicon glyphicon-header
glyphicon glyphicon-compressed
glyphicon glyphicon-earphone
glyphicon glyphicon-phone-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-tower
glyphicon glyphicon-stats
glyphicon glyphicon-sd-video
glyphicon glyphicon-hd-video
glyphicon glyphicon-subtitles
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-stereo
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-dolby
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-5-1
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-6-1
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-7-1
glyphicon glyphicon-copyright-mark
glyphicon glyphicon-registration-mark
glyphicon glyphicon-cloud-download
glyphicon glyphicon-cloud-upload
glyphicon glyphicon-tree-conifer
glyphicon glyphicon-tree-deciduous
glyphicon glyphicon-cd
glyphicon glyphicon-save-file
glyphicon glyphicon-open-file
glyphicon glyphicon-level-up
glyphicon glyphicon-copy
glyphicon glyphicon-paste
glyphicon glyphicon-alert
glyphicon glyphicon-equalizer
glyphicon glyphicon-king
glyphicon glyphicon-queen
glyphicon glyphicon-pawn
glyphicon glyphicon-bishop
glyphicon glyphicon-knight
glyphicon glyphicon-baby-formula
glyphicon glyphicon-tent
glyphicon glyphicon-blackboard
glyphicon glyphicon-bed
glyphicon glyphicon-apple
glyphicon glyphicon-erase
glyphicon glyphicon-hourglass
glyphicon glyphicon-lamp
glyphicon glyphicon-duplicate
glyphicon glyphicon-piggy-bank
glyphicon glyphicon-scissors
glyphicon glyphicon-bitcoin
glyphicon glyphicon-btc
glyphicon glyphicon-xbt
glyphicon glyphicon-yen
glyphicon glyphicon-jpy
glyphicon glyphicon-ruble
glyphicon glyphicon-rub
glyphicon glyphicon-scale
glyphicon glyphicon-ice-lolly
glyphicon glyphicon-ice-lolly-tasted
glyphicon glyphicon-education
glyphicon glyphicon-option-horizontal
glyphicon glyphicon-option-vertical
glyphicon glyphicon-menu-hamburger
glyphicon glyphicon-modal-window
glyphicon glyphicon-oil
glyphicon glyphicon-grain
glyphicon glyphicon-sunglasses
glyphicon glyphicon-text-size
glyphicon glyphicon-text-color
glyphicon glyphicon-text-background
glyphicon glyphicon-object-align-top
glyphicon glyphicon-object-align-bottom
glyphicon glyphicon-object-align-horizontal
glyphicon glyphicon-object-align-left
glyphicon glyphicon-object-align-vertical
glyphicon glyphicon-object-align-right
glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-right
glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-left
glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom
glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top
glyphicon glyphicon-console
glyphicon glyphicon-superscript
glyphicon glyphicon-subscript
glyphicon glyphicon-menu-left
glyphicon glyphicon-menu-right
glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down
glyphicon glyphicon-menu-up
How to use
For performance reasons, all icons require a base class and individual icon class. To use, place the following code just about anywhere. Be sure to leave a space between the icon and text for proper padding.
Don't mix with other components
Icon classes cannot be directly combined with other components. They should not be used along with other classes on the same element. Instead, add a nested <span> and apply the icon classes to the <span>.
Only for use on empty elements
Icon classes should only be used on elements that contain no text content and have no child elements.
Changing the icon font location
Bootstrap assumes icon font files will be located in the ../fonts/ directory, relative to the compiled CSS files. Moving or renaming those font files means updating the CSS in one of three ways:
Change the @icon-font-path and/or @icon-font-name variables in the source Less files.
Use whatever option best suits your specific development setup.
Accessible icons
Modern versions of assistive technologies will announce CSS generated content, as well as specific Unicode characters. To avoid unintended and confusing output in screen readers (particularly when icons are used purely for decoration), we hide them with the aria-hidden="true" attribute.
If you're using an icon to convey meaning (rather than only as a decorative element), ensure that this meaning is also conveyed to assistive technologies – for instance, include additional content, visually hidden with the .sr-only class.
If you're creating controls with no other text (such as a <button> that only contains an icon), you should always provide alternative content to identify the purpose of the control, so that it will make sense to users of assistive technologies. In this case, you could add an aria-label attribute on the control itself.
Over a dozen reusable components built to provide iconography, dropdowns, input groups, navigation, alerts, and much more.
Glyphicons
Available glyphs
Includes over 250 glyphs in font format from the Glyphicon Halflings set. Glyphicons Halflings are normally not available for free, but their creator has made them available for Bootstrap free of cost. As a thank you, we only ask that you include a link back to Glyphicons whenever possible.
glyphicon glyphicon-asterisk
glyphicon glyphicon-plus
glyphicon glyphicon-euro
glyphicon glyphicon-eur
glyphicon glyphicon-minus
glyphicon glyphicon-cloud
glyphicon glyphicon-envelope
glyphicon glyphicon-pencil
glyphicon glyphicon-glass
glyphicon glyphicon-music
glyphicon glyphicon-search
glyphicon glyphicon-heart
glyphicon glyphicon-star
glyphicon glyphicon-star-empty
glyphicon glyphicon-user
glyphicon glyphicon-film
glyphicon glyphicon-th-large
glyphicon glyphicon-th
glyphicon glyphicon-th-list
glyphicon glyphicon-ok
glyphicon glyphicon-remove
glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in
glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-out
glyphicon glyphicon-off
glyphicon glyphicon-signal
glyphicon glyphicon-cog
glyphicon glyphicon-trash
glyphicon glyphicon-home
glyphicon glyphicon-file
glyphicon glyphicon-time
glyphicon glyphicon-road
glyphicon glyphicon-download-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-download
glyphicon glyphicon-upload
glyphicon glyphicon-inbox
glyphicon glyphicon-play-circle
glyphicon glyphicon-repeat
glyphicon glyphicon-refresh
glyphicon glyphicon-list-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-lock
glyphicon glyphicon-flag
glyphicon glyphicon-headphones
glyphicon glyphicon-volume-off
glyphicon glyphicon-volume-down
glyphicon glyphicon-volume-up
glyphicon glyphicon-qrcode
glyphicon glyphicon-barcode
glyphicon glyphicon-tag
glyphicon glyphicon-tags
glyphicon glyphicon-book
glyphicon glyphicon-bookmark
glyphicon glyphicon-print
glyphicon glyphicon-camera
glyphicon glyphicon-font
glyphicon glyphicon-bold
glyphicon glyphicon-italic
glyphicon glyphicon-text-height
glyphicon glyphicon-text-width
glyphicon glyphicon-align-left
glyphicon glyphicon-align-center
glyphicon glyphicon-align-right
glyphicon glyphicon-align-justify
glyphicon glyphicon-list
glyphicon glyphicon-indent-left
glyphicon glyphicon-indent-right
glyphicon glyphicon-facetime-video
glyphicon glyphicon-picture
glyphicon glyphicon-map-marker
glyphicon glyphicon-adjust
glyphicon glyphicon-tint
glyphicon glyphicon-edit
glyphicon glyphicon-share
glyphicon glyphicon-check
glyphicon glyphicon-move
glyphicon glyphicon-step-backward
glyphicon glyphicon-fast-backward
glyphicon glyphicon-backward
glyphicon glyphicon-play
glyphicon glyphicon-pause
glyphicon glyphicon-stop
glyphicon glyphicon-forward
glyphicon glyphicon-fast-forward
glyphicon glyphicon-step-forward
glyphicon glyphicon-eject
glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left
glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right
glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-minus-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-remove-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-ok-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-info-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-screenshot
glyphicon glyphicon-remove-circle
glyphicon glyphicon-ok-circle
glyphicon glyphicon-ban-circle
glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-left
glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-right
glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up
glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-down
glyphicon glyphicon-share-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-resize-full
glyphicon glyphicon-resize-small
glyphicon glyphicon-exclamation-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-gift
glyphicon glyphicon-leaf
glyphicon glyphicon-fire
glyphicon glyphicon-eye-open
glyphicon glyphicon-eye-close
glyphicon glyphicon-warning-sign
glyphicon glyphicon-plane
glyphicon glyphicon-calendar
glyphicon glyphicon-random
glyphicon glyphicon-comment
glyphicon glyphicon-magnet
glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-up
glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-down
glyphicon glyphicon-retweet
glyphicon glyphicon-shopping-cart
glyphicon glyphicon-folder-close
glyphicon glyphicon-folder-open
glyphicon glyphicon-resize-vertical
glyphicon glyphicon-resize-horizontal
glyphicon glyphicon-hdd
glyphicon glyphicon-bullhorn
glyphicon glyphicon-bell
glyphicon glyphicon-certificate
glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up
glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down
glyphicon glyphicon-hand-right
glyphicon glyphicon-hand-left
glyphicon glyphicon-hand-up
glyphicon glyphicon-hand-down
glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right
glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left
glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-up
glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-down
glyphicon glyphicon-globe
glyphicon glyphicon-wrench
glyphicon glyphicon-tasks
glyphicon glyphicon-filter
glyphicon glyphicon-briefcase
glyphicon glyphicon-fullscreen
glyphicon glyphicon-dashboard
glyphicon glyphicon-paperclip
glyphicon glyphicon-heart-empty
glyphicon glyphicon-link
glyphicon glyphicon-phone
glyphicon glyphicon-pushpin
glyphicon glyphicon-usd
glyphicon glyphicon-gbp
glyphicon glyphicon-sort
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-alphabet
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-alphabet-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-order
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-order-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-attributes
glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-attributes-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-unchecked
glyphicon glyphicon-expand
glyphicon glyphicon-collapse-down
glyphicon glyphicon-collapse-up
glyphicon glyphicon-log-in
glyphicon glyphicon-flash
glyphicon glyphicon-log-out
glyphicon glyphicon-new-window
glyphicon glyphicon-record
glyphicon glyphicon-save
glyphicon glyphicon-open
glyphicon glyphicon-saved
glyphicon glyphicon-import
glyphicon glyphicon-export
glyphicon glyphicon-send
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-disk
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-saved
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-remove
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-save
glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-open
glyphicon glyphicon-credit-card
glyphicon glyphicon-transfer
glyphicon glyphicon-cutlery
glyphicon glyphicon-header
glyphicon glyphicon-compressed
glyphicon glyphicon-earphone
glyphicon glyphicon-phone-alt
glyphicon glyphicon-tower
glyphicon glyphicon-stats
glyphicon glyphicon-sd-video
glyphicon glyphicon-hd-video
glyphicon glyphicon-subtitles
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-stereo
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-dolby
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-5-1
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-6-1
glyphicon glyphicon-sound-7-1
glyphicon glyphicon-copyright-mark
glyphicon glyphicon-registration-mark
glyphicon glyphicon-cloud-download
glyphicon glyphicon-cloud-upload
glyphicon glyphicon-tree-conifer
glyphicon glyphicon-tree-deciduous
glyphicon glyphicon-cd
glyphicon glyphicon-save-file
glyphicon glyphicon-open-file
glyphicon glyphicon-level-up
glyphicon glyphicon-copy
glyphicon glyphicon-paste
glyphicon glyphicon-alert
glyphicon glyphicon-equalizer
glyphicon glyphicon-king
glyphicon glyphicon-queen
glyphicon glyphicon-pawn
glyphicon glyphicon-bishop
glyphicon glyphicon-knight
glyphicon glyphicon-baby-formula
glyphicon glyphicon-tent
glyphicon glyphicon-blackboard
glyphicon glyphicon-bed
glyphicon glyphicon-apple
glyphicon glyphicon-erase
glyphicon glyphicon-hourglass
glyphicon glyphicon-lamp
glyphicon glyphicon-duplicate
glyphicon glyphicon-piggy-bank
glyphicon glyphicon-scissors
glyphicon glyphicon-bitcoin
glyphicon glyphicon-btc
glyphicon glyphicon-xbt
glyphicon glyphicon-yen
glyphicon glyphicon-jpy
glyphicon glyphicon-ruble
glyphicon glyphicon-rub
glyphicon glyphicon-scale
glyphicon glyphicon-ice-lolly
glyphicon glyphicon-ice-lolly-tasted
glyphicon glyphicon-education
glyphicon glyphicon-option-horizontal
glyphicon glyphicon-option-vertical
glyphicon glyphicon-menu-hamburger
glyphicon glyphicon-modal-window
glyphicon glyphicon-oil
glyphicon glyphicon-grain
glyphicon glyphicon-sunglasses
glyphicon glyphicon-text-size
glyphicon glyphicon-text-color
glyphicon glyphicon-text-background
glyphicon glyphicon-object-align-top
glyphicon glyphicon-object-align-bottom
glyphicon glyphicon-object-align-horizontal
glyphicon glyphicon-object-align-left
glyphicon glyphicon-object-align-vertical
glyphicon glyphicon-object-align-right
glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-right
glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-left
glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom
glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top
glyphicon glyphicon-console
glyphicon glyphicon-superscript
glyphicon glyphicon-subscript
glyphicon glyphicon-menu-left
glyphicon glyphicon-menu-right
glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down
glyphicon glyphicon-menu-up
How to use
For performance reasons, all icons require a base class and individual icon class. To use, place the following code just about anywhere. Be sure to leave a space between the icon and text for proper padding.
Don't mix with other components
Icon classes cannot be directly combined with other components. They should not be used along with other classes on the same element. Instead, add a nested <span> and apply the icon classes to the <span>.
Only for use on empty elements
Icon classes should only be used on elements that contain no text content and have no child elements.
Changing the icon font location
Bootstrap assumes icon font files will be located in the ../fonts/ directory, relative to the compiled CSS files. Moving or renaming those font files means updating the CSS in one of three ways:
Change the @icon-font-path and/or @icon-font-name variables in the source Less files.
Use whatever option best suits your specific development setup.
Accessible icons
Modern versions of assistive technologies will announce CSS generated content, as well as specific Unicode characters. To avoid unintended and confusing output in screen readers (particularly when icons are used purely for decoration), we hide them with the aria-hidden="true" attribute.
If you're using an icon to convey meaning (rather than only as a decorative element), ensure that this meaning is also conveyed to assistive technologies – for instance, include additional content, visually hidden with the .sr-only class.
If you're creating controls with no other text (such as a <button> that only contains an icon), you should always provide alternative content to identify the purpose of the control, so that it will make sense to users of assistive technologies. In this case, you could add an aria-label attribute on the control itself.
Provide up-to-date feedback on the progress of a workflow or action with simple yet flexible progress bars.
Cross-browser compatibility
Progress bars use CSS3 transitions and animations to achieve some of their effects. These features are not supported in Internet Explorer 9 and below or older versions of Firefox. Opera 12 does not support animations.
Content Security Policy (CSP) compatibility
If your website has a Content Security Policy (CSP) which doesn't allow style-src 'unsafe-inline', then you won't be able to use inline style attributes to set progress bar widths as shown in our examples below. Alternative methods for setting the widths that are compatible with strict CSPs include using a little custom JavaScript (that sets element.style.width) or using custom CSS classes.
Basic example
Default progress bar.
60% Complete
<divclass="progress">
+</div>
Progress bars
Provide up-to-date feedback on the progress of a workflow or action with simple yet flexible progress bars.
Cross-browser compatibility
Progress bars use CSS3 transitions and animations to achieve some of their effects. These features are not supported in Internet Explorer 9 and below or older versions of Firefox. Opera 12 does not support animations.
Content Security Policy (CSP) compatibility
If your website has a Content Security Policy (CSP) which doesn't allow style-src 'unsafe-inline', then you won't be able to use inline style attributes to set progress bar widths as shown in our examples below. Alternative methods for setting the widths that are compatible with strict CSPs include using a little custom JavaScript (that sets element.style.width) or using custom CSS classes.
The mixin is deprecated as of v3.2.0, with the introduction of Autoprefixer. To preserve backwards-compatibility, Bootstrap will continue to use the mixin internally until Bootstrap v4.
.box-sizing(@box-model){
+@caret-width-large:5px;
Vendor mixins
Vendor mixins are mixins to help support multiple browsers by including all relevant vendor prefixes in your compiled CSS.
The mixin is deprecated as of v3.2.0, with the introduction of Autoprefixer. To preserve backwards-compatibility, Bootstrap will continue to use the mixin internally until Bootstrap v4.
require('bootstrap') will load all of Bootstrap's jQuery plugins onto the jQuery object. The bootstrap module itself does not export anything. You can manually load Bootstrap's jQuery plugins individually by loading the /js/*.js files under the package's top-level directory.
Bootstrap's package.json contains some additional metadata under the following keys:
style - path to Bootstrap's non-minified CSS that's been precompiled using the default settings (no customization)
Install with Composer
You can also install and manage Bootstrap's Less, CSS, JavaScript, and fonts using Composer:
$ composer require twbs/bootstrap
Autoprefixer required for Less/Sass
Bootstrap uses Autoprefixer to deal with CSS vendor prefixes. If you're compiling Bootstrap from its Less/Sass source and not using our Gruntfile, you'll need to integrate Autoprefixer into your build process yourself. If you're using precompiled Bootstrap or using our Gruntfile, you don't need to worry about this because Autoprefixer is already integrated into our Gruntfile.
What's included
Bootstrap is downloadable in two forms, within which you'll find the following directories and files, logically grouping common resources and providing both compiled and minified variations.
jQuery required
Please note that all JavaScript plugins require jQuery to be included, as shown in the starter template. Consult our bower.json to see which versions of jQuery are supported.
Precompiled Bootstrap
Once downloaded, unzip the compressed folder to see the structure of (the compiled) Bootstrap. You'll see something like this:
require('bootstrap') will load all of Bootstrap's jQuery plugins onto the jQuery object. The bootstrap module itself does not export anything. You can manually load Bootstrap's jQuery plugins individually by loading the /js/*.js files under the package's top-level directory.
Bootstrap's package.json contains some additional metadata under the following keys:
style - path to Bootstrap's non-minified CSS that's been precompiled using the default settings (no customization)
Install with Composer
You can also install and manage Bootstrap's Less, CSS, JavaScript, and fonts using Composer:
$ composer require twbs/bootstrap
Autoprefixer required for Less/Sass
Bootstrap uses Autoprefixer to deal with CSS vendor prefixes. If you're compiling Bootstrap from its Less/Sass source and not using our Gruntfile, you'll need to integrate Autoprefixer into your build process yourself. If you're using precompiled Bootstrap or using our Gruntfile, you don't need to worry about this because Autoprefixer is already integrated into our Gruntfile.
What's included
Bootstrap is downloadable in two forms, within which you'll find the following directories and files, logically grouping common resources and providing both compiled and minified variations.
jQuery required
Please note that all JavaScript plugins require jQuery to be included, as shown in the starter template. Consult our bower.json to see which versions of jQuery are supported.
Precompiled Bootstrap
Once downloaded, unzip the compressed folder to see the structure of (the compiled) Bootstrap. You'll see something like this:
The less/, js/, and fonts/ are the source code for our CSS, JS, and icon fonts (respectively). The dist/ folder includes everything listed in the precompiled download section above. The docs/ folder includes the source code for our documentation, and examples/ of Bootstrap usage. Beyond that, any other included file provides support for packages, license information, and development.
Compiling CSS and JavaScript
Bootstrap uses Grunt for its build system, with convenient methods for working with the framework. It's how we compile our code, run tests, and more.
Install grunt-cli globally with npm install -g grunt-cli.
Navigate to the root /bootstrap/ directory, then run npm install. npm will look at the package.json file and automatically install the necessary local dependencies listed there.
When completed, you'll be able to run the various Grunt commands provided from the command line.
Available Grunt commands
grunt dist (Just compile CSS and JavaScript)
Regenerates the /dist/ directory with compiled and minified CSS and JavaScript files. As a Bootstrap user, this is normally the command you want.
grunt watch (Watch)
Watches the Less source files and automatically recompiles them to CSS whenever you save a change.
Builds and tests CSS, JavaScript, and other assets which are used when running the documentation locally via bundle exec jekyll serve.
grunt (Build absolutely everything and run tests)
Compiles and minifies CSS and JavaScript, builds the documentation website, runs the HTML5 validator against the docs, regenerates the Customizer assets, and more. Requires Jekyll. Usually only necessary if you're hacking on Bootstrap itself.
Troubleshooting
Should you encounter problems with installing dependencies or running Grunt commands, first delete the /node_modules/ directory generated by npm. Then, rerun npm install.
Basic template
Start with this basic HTML template, or modify these examples. We hope you'll customize our templates and examples, adapting them to suit your needs.
Copy the HTML below to begin working with a minimal Bootstrap document.
<!DOCTYPE html>
+ └── examples/
The less/, js/, and fonts/ are the source code for our CSS, JS, and icon fonts (respectively). The dist/ folder includes everything listed in the precompiled download section above. The docs/ folder includes the source code for our documentation, and examples/ of Bootstrap usage. Beyond that, any other included file provides support for packages, license information, and development.
Compiling CSS and JavaScript
Bootstrap uses Grunt for its build system, with convenient methods for working with the framework. It's how we compile our code, run tests, and more.
Install grunt-cli globally with npm install -g grunt-cli.
Navigate to the root /bootstrap/ directory, then run npm install. npm will look at the package.json file and automatically install the necessary local dependencies listed there.
When completed, you'll be able to run the various Grunt commands provided from the command line.
Available Grunt commands
grunt dist (Just compile CSS and JavaScript)
Regenerates the /dist/ directory with compiled and minified CSS and JavaScript files. As a Bootstrap user, this is normally the command you want.
grunt watch (Watch)
Watches the Less source files and automatically recompiles them to CSS whenever you save a change.
Builds and tests CSS, JavaScript, and other assets which are used when running the documentation locally via bundle exec jekyll serve.
grunt (Build absolutely everything and run tests)
Compiles and minifies CSS and JavaScript, builds the documentation website, runs the HTML5 validator against the docs, regenerates the Customizer assets, and more. Requires Jekyll. Usually only necessary if you're hacking on Bootstrap itself.
Troubleshooting
Should you encounter problems with installing dependencies or running Grunt commands, first delete the /node_modules/ directory generated by npm. Then, rerun npm install.
Basic template
Start with this basic HTML template, or modify these examples. We hope you'll customize our templates and examples, adapting them to suit your needs.
Copy the HTML below to begin working with a minimal Bootstrap document.
<!DOCTYPE html><htmllang="en"><head><metacharset="utf-8">
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
<!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed --><script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script></body>
-</html>
Examples
Build on the basic template above with Bootstrap's many components. We encourage you to customize and adapt Bootstrap to suit your individual project's needs.
Attach a footer to the bottom of the viewport when the content is shorter than it.
Sticky footer with navbar
Attach a footer to the bottom of the viewport with a fixed navbar at the top.
Experiments
Non-responsive Bootstrap
Easily disable the responsiveness of Bootstrap per our docs.
Off-canvas
Build a toggleable off-canvas navigation menu for use with Bootstrap.
Tools
Bootlint
Bootlint is the official Bootstrap HTML linter tool. It automatically checks for several common HTML mistakes in webpages that are using Bootstrap in a fairly "vanilla" way. Vanilla Bootstrap's components/widgets require their parts of the DOM to conform to certain structures. Bootlint checks that instances of Bootstrap components have correctly-structured HTML. Consider adding Bootlint to your Bootstrap web development toolchain so that none of the common mistakes slow down your project's development.
Community
Stay up to date on the development of Bootstrap and reach out to the community with these helpful resources.
Developers should use the keyword bootstrap on packages which modify or add to the functionality of Bootstrap when distributing through npm or similar delivery mechanisms for maximum discoverability.
Find inspiring examples of people building with Bootstrap at the Bootstrap Expo.
Bootstrap automatically adapts your pages for various screen sizes. Here's how to disable this feature so your page works like this non-responsive example.
Steps to disable page responsiveness
Omit the viewport <meta> mentioned in the CSS docs
Override the width on the .container for each grid tier with a single width, for example width: 970px !important; Be sure that this comes after the default Bootstrap CSS. You can optionally avoid the !important with media queries or some selector-fu.
If using navbars, remove all navbar collapsing and expanding behavior.
For grid layouts, use .col-xs-* classes in addition to, or in place of, the medium/large ones. Don't worry, the extra-small device grid scales to all resolutions.
You'll still need Respond.js for IE8 (since our media queries are still there and need to be processed). This disables the "mobile site" aspects of Bootstrap.
Bootstrap template with responsiveness disabled
We've applied these steps to an example. Read its source code to see the specific changes implemented.
Looking to migrate from an older version of Bootstrap to v3.x? Check out our migration guide.
Browser and device support
Bootstrap is built to work best in the latest desktop and mobile browsers, meaning older browsers might display differently styled, though fully functional, renderings of certain components.
Supported browsers
Specifically, we support the latest versions of the following browsers and platforms.
Alternative browsers which use the latest version of WebKit, Blink, or Gecko, whether directly or via the platform's web view API, are not explicitly supported. However, Bootstrap should (in most cases) display and function correctly in these browsers as well. More specific support information is provided below.
Mobile devices
Generally speaking, Bootstrap supports the latest versions of each major platform's default browsers. Note that proxy browsers (such as Opera Mini, Opera Mobile's Turbo mode, UC Browser Mini, Amazon Silk) are not supported.
Chrome
Firefox
Safari
Android
Supported
Supported
N/A
iOS
Supported
Supported
Supported
Desktop browsers
Similarly, the latest versions of most desktop browsers are supported.
Chrome
Firefox
Internet Explorer
Opera
Safari
Mac
Supported
Supported
N/A
Supported
Supported
Windows
Supported
Supported
Supported
Supported
Not supported
On Windows, we support Internet Explorer 8-11.
For Firefox, in addition to the latest normal stable release, we also support the latest Extended Support Release (ESR) version of Firefox.
Unofficially, Bootstrap should look and behave well enough in Chromium and Chrome for Linux, Firefox for Linux, and Internet Explorer 7, as well as Microsoft Edge, though they are not officially supported.
For a list of some of the browser bugs that Bootstrap has to grapple with, see our Wall of browser bugs.
Internet Explorer 8 and 9
Internet Explorer 8 and 9 are also supported, however, please be aware that some CSS3 properties and HTML5 elements are not fully supported by these browsers. In addition, Internet Explorer 8 requires the use of Respond.js to enable media query support.
Feature
Internet Explorer 8
Internet Explorer 9
border-radius
Not supported
Supported
box-shadow
Not supported
Supported
transform
Not supported
Supported, with -ms prefix
transition
Not supported
placeholder
Not supported
Visit Can I use... for details on browser support of CSS3 and HTML5 features.
Internet Explorer 8 and Respond.js
Beware of the following caveats when using Respond.js in your development and production environments for Internet Explorer 8.
Respond.js and cross-domain CSS
Using Respond.js with CSS hosted on a different (sub)domain (for example, on a CDN) requires some additional setup. See the Respond.js docs for details.
Respond.js and file://
Due to browser security rules, Respond.js doesn't work with pages viewed via the file:// protocol (like when opening a local HTML file). To test responsive features in IE8, view your pages over HTTP(S). See the Respond.js docs for details.
Respond.js and @import
Respond.js doesn't work with CSS that's referenced via @import. In particular, some Drupal configurations are known to use @import. See the Respond.js docs for details.
Internet Explorer 8 and box-sizing
IE8 does not fully support box-sizing: border-box; when combined with min-width, max-width, min-height, or max-height. For that reason, as of v3.0.1, we no longer use max-width on .containers.
Internet Explorer 8 and @font-face
IE8 has some issues with @font-face when combined with :before. Bootstrap uses that combination with its Glyphicons. If a page is cached, and loaded without the mouse over the window (i.e. hit the refresh button or load something in an iframe) then the page gets rendered before the font loads. Hovering over the page (body) will show some of the icons and hovering over the remaining icons will show those as well. See issue #13863 for details.
IE Compatibility modes
Bootstrap is not supported in the old Internet Explorer compatibility modes. To be sure you're using the latest rendering mode for IE, consider including the appropriate <meta> tag in your pages:
Confirm the document mode by opening the debugging tools: press F12 and check the "Document Mode".
This tag is included in all of Bootstrap's documentation and examples to ensure the best rendering possible in each supported version of Internet Explorer.
Internet Explorer 10 in Windows 8 and Windows Phone 8
Internet Explorer 10 doesn't differentiate device width from viewport width, and thus doesn't properly apply the media queries in Bootstrap's CSS. Normally you'd just add a quick snippet of CSS to fix this:
@-ms-viewport{width:device-width;}
However, this doesn't work for devices running Windows Phone 8 versions older than Update 3 (a.k.a. GDR3), as it causes such devices to show a mostly desktop view instead of narrow "phone" view. To address this, you'll need to include the following CSS and JavaScript to work around the bug.
@-ms-viewport{width:device-width;}
+</html>
Examples
Build on the basic template above with Bootstrap's many components. We encourage you to customize and adapt Bootstrap to suit your individual project's needs.
Attach a footer to the bottom of the viewport when the content is shorter than it.
Sticky footer with navbar
Attach a footer to the bottom of the viewport with a fixed navbar at the top.
Experiments
Non-responsive Bootstrap
Easily disable the responsiveness of Bootstrap per our docs.
Off-canvas
Build a toggleable off-canvas navigation menu for use with Bootstrap.
Tools
Bootlint
Bootlint is the official Bootstrap HTML linter tool. It automatically checks for several common HTML mistakes in webpages that are using Bootstrap in a fairly "vanilla" way. Vanilla Bootstrap's components/widgets require their parts of the DOM to conform to certain structures. Bootlint checks that instances of Bootstrap components have correctly-structured HTML. Consider adding Bootlint to your Bootstrap web development toolchain so that none of the common mistakes slow down your project's development.
Community
Stay up to date on the development of Bootstrap and reach out to the community with these helpful resources.
Developers should use the keyword bootstrap on packages which modify or add to the functionality of Bootstrap when distributing through npm or similar delivery mechanisms for maximum discoverability.
Find inspiring examples of people building with Bootstrap at the Bootstrap Expo.
Bootstrap automatically adapts your pages for various screen sizes. Here's how to disable this feature so your page works like this non-responsive example.
Steps to disable page responsiveness
Omit the viewport <meta> mentioned in the CSS docs
Override the width on the .container for each grid tier with a single width, for example width: 970px !important; Be sure that this comes after the default Bootstrap CSS. You can optionally avoid the !important with media queries or some selector-fu.
If using navbars, remove all navbar collapsing and expanding behavior.
For grid layouts, use .col-xs-* classes in addition to, or in place of, the medium/large ones. Don't worry, the extra-small device grid scales to all resolutions.
You'll still need Respond.js for IE8 (since our media queries are still there and need to be processed). This disables the "mobile site" aspects of Bootstrap.
Bootstrap template with responsiveness disabled
We've applied these steps to an example. Read its source code to see the specific changes implemented.
Looking to migrate from an older version of Bootstrap to v3.x? Check out our migration guide.
Browser and device support
Bootstrap is built to work best in the latest desktop and mobile browsers, meaning older browsers might display differently styled, though fully functional, renderings of certain components.
Supported browsers
Specifically, we support the latest versions of the following browsers and platforms.
Alternative browsers which use the latest version of WebKit, Blink, or Gecko, whether directly or via the platform's web view API, are not explicitly supported. However, Bootstrap should (in most cases) display and function correctly in these browsers as well. More specific support information is provided below.
Mobile devices
Generally speaking, Bootstrap supports the latest versions of each major platform's default browsers. Note that proxy browsers (such as Opera Mini, Opera Mobile's Turbo mode, UC Browser Mini, Amazon Silk) are not supported.
Chrome
Firefox
Safari
Android
Supported
Supported
N/A
iOS
Supported
Supported
Supported
Desktop browsers
Similarly, the latest versions of most desktop browsers are supported.
Chrome
Firefox
Internet Explorer
Opera
Safari
Mac
Supported
Supported
N/A
Supported
Supported
Windows
Supported
Supported
Supported
Supported
Not supported
On Windows, we support Internet Explorer 8-11.
For Firefox, in addition to the latest normal stable release, we also support the latest Extended Support Release (ESR) version of Firefox.
Unofficially, Bootstrap should look and behave well enough in Chromium and Chrome for Linux, Firefox for Linux, and Internet Explorer 7, as well as Microsoft Edge, though they are not officially supported.
For a list of some of the browser bugs that Bootstrap has to grapple with, see our Wall of browser bugs.
Internet Explorer 8 and 9
Internet Explorer 8 and 9 are also supported, however, please be aware that some CSS3 properties and HTML5 elements are not fully supported by these browsers. In addition, Internet Explorer 8 requires the use of Respond.js to enable media query support.
Feature
Internet Explorer 8
Internet Explorer 9
border-radius
Not supported
Supported
box-shadow
Not supported
Supported
transform
Not supported
Supported, with -ms prefix
transition
Not supported
placeholder
Not supported
Visit Can I use... for details on browser support of CSS3 and HTML5 features.
Internet Explorer 8 and Respond.js
Beware of the following caveats when using Respond.js in your development and production environments for Internet Explorer 8.
Respond.js and cross-domain CSS
Using Respond.js with CSS hosted on a different (sub)domain (for example, on a CDN) requires some additional setup. See the Respond.js docs for details.
Respond.js and file://
Due to browser security rules, Respond.js doesn't work with pages viewed via the file:// protocol (like when opening a local HTML file). To test responsive features in IE8, view your pages over HTTP(S). See the Respond.js docs for details.
Respond.js and @import
Respond.js doesn't work with CSS that's referenced via @import. In particular, some Drupal configurations are known to use @import. See the Respond.js docs for details.
Internet Explorer 8 and box-sizing
IE8 does not fully support box-sizing: border-box; when combined with min-width, max-width, min-height, or max-height. For that reason, as of v3.0.1, we no longer use max-width on .containers.
Internet Explorer 8 and @font-face
IE8 has some issues with @font-face when combined with :before. Bootstrap uses that combination with its Glyphicons. If a page is cached, and loaded without the mouse over the window (i.e. hit the refresh button or load something in an iframe) then the page gets rendered before the font loads. Hovering over the page (body) will show some of the icons and hovering over the remaining icons will show those as well. See issue #13863 for details.
IE Compatibility modes
Bootstrap is not supported in the old Internet Explorer compatibility modes. To be sure you're using the latest rendering mode for IE, consider including the appropriate <meta> tag in your pages:
Confirm the document mode by opening the debugging tools: press F12 and check the "Document Mode".
This tag is included in all of Bootstrap's documentation and examples to ensure the best rendering possible in each supported version of Internet Explorer.
Internet Explorer 10 in Windows 8 and Windows Phone 8
Internet Explorer 10 doesn't differentiate device width from viewport width, and thus doesn't properly apply the media queries in Bootstrap's CSS. Normally you'd just add a quick snippet of CSS to fix this:
@-ms-viewport{width:device-width;}
However, this doesn't work for devices running Windows Phone 8 versions older than Update 3 (a.k.a. GDR3), as it causes such devices to show a mostly desktop view instead of narrow "phone" view. To address this, you'll need to include the following CSS and JavaScript to work around the bug.
As a heads up, we include this in all of Bootstrap's documentation and examples as a demonstration.
Safari percent rounding
The rendering engine of versions of Safari prior to v7.1 for OS X and Safari for iOS v8.0 had some trouble with the number of decimal places used in our .col-*-1 grid classes. So if you had 12 individual grid columns, you'd notice that they came up short compared to other rows of columns. Besides upgrading Safari/iOS, you have some options for workarounds:
Add .pull-right to your last grid column to get the hard-right alignment
Tweak your percentages manually to get the perfect rounding for Safari (more difficult than the first option)
Modals, navbars, and virtual keyboards
Overflow and scrolling
Support for overflow: hidden on the <body> element is quite limited in iOS and Android. To that end, when you scroll past the top or bottom of a modal in either of those devices' browsers, the <body> content will begin to scroll. See Chrome bug #175502 (fixed in Chrome v40) and WebKit bug #153852.
iOS text fields and scrolling
As of iOS 9.3, while a modal is open, if the initial touch of a scroll gesture is within the boundary of a textual <input> or a <textarea>, the <body> content underneath the modal will be scrolled instead of the modal itself. See WebKit bug #153856.
Virtual keyboards
Also, note that if you're using a fixed navbar or using inputs within a modal, iOS has a rendering bug that doesn't update the position of fixed elements when the virtual keyboard is triggered. A few workarounds for this include transforming your elements to position: absolute or invoking a timer on focus to try to correct the positioning manually. This is not handled by Bootstrap, so it is up to you to decide which solution is best for your application.
Navbar Dropdowns
The .dropdown-backdrop element isn't used on iOS in the nav because of the complexity of z-indexing. Thus, to close dropdowns in navbars, you must directly click the dropdown element (or any other element which will fire a click event in iOS).
Browser zooming
Page zooming inevitably presents rendering artifacts in some components, both in Bootstrap and the rest of the web. Depending on the issue, we may be able to fix it (search first and then open an issue if need be). However, we tend to ignore these as they often have no direct solution other than hacky workarounds.
Sticky :hover/:focus on mobile
Even though real hovering isn't possible on most touchscreens, most mobile browsers emulate hovering support and make :hover "sticky". In other words, :hover styles start applying after tapping an element and only stop applying after the user taps some other element. This can cause Bootstrap's :hover states to become undesirably "stuck" on such browsers. Some mobile browsers also make :focus similarly sticky. There is currently no simple workaround for these issues other than removing such styles entirely.
Printing
Even in some modern browsers, printing can be quirky.
In particular, as of Chrome v32 and regardless of margin settings, Chrome uses a viewport width significantly narrower than the physical paper size when resolving media queries while printing a webpage. This can result in Bootstrap's extra-small grid being unexpectedly activated when printing. See issue #12078 and Chrome bug #273306 for some details. Suggested workarounds:
Embrace the extra-small grid and make sure your page looks acceptable under it.
Customize the values of the @screen-* Less variables so that your printer paper is considered larger than extra-small.
Add custom media queries to change the grid size breakpoints for print media only.
Also, as of Safari v8.0, fixed-width .containers can cause Safari to use an unusually small font size when printing. See #14868 and WebKit bug #138192 for more details. One potential workaround for this is adding the following CSS:
As a heads up, we include this in all of Bootstrap's documentation and examples as a demonstration.
Safari percent rounding
The rendering engine of versions of Safari prior to v7.1 for OS X and Safari for iOS v8.0 had some trouble with the number of decimal places used in our .col-*-1 grid classes. So if you had 12 individual grid columns, you'd notice that they came up short compared to other rows of columns. Besides upgrading Safari/iOS, you have some options for workarounds:
Add .pull-right to your last grid column to get the hard-right alignment
Tweak your percentages manually to get the perfect rounding for Safari (more difficult than the first option)
Modals, navbars, and virtual keyboards
Overflow and scrolling
Support for overflow: hidden on the <body> element is quite limited in iOS and Android. To that end, when you scroll past the top or bottom of a modal in either of those devices' browsers, the <body> content will begin to scroll. See Chrome bug #175502 (fixed in Chrome v40) and WebKit bug #153852.
iOS text fields and scrolling
As of iOS 9.3, while a modal is open, if the initial touch of a scroll gesture is within the boundary of a textual <input> or a <textarea>, the <body> content underneath the modal will be scrolled instead of the modal itself. See WebKit bug #153856.
Virtual keyboards
Also, note that if you're using a fixed navbar or using inputs within a modal, iOS has a rendering bug that doesn't update the position of fixed elements when the virtual keyboard is triggered. A few workarounds for this include transforming your elements to position: absolute or invoking a timer on focus to try to correct the positioning manually. This is not handled by Bootstrap, so it is up to you to decide which solution is best for your application.
Navbar Dropdowns
The .dropdown-backdrop element isn't used on iOS in the nav because of the complexity of z-indexing. Thus, to close dropdowns in navbars, you must directly click the dropdown element (or any other element which will fire a click event in iOS).
Browser zooming
Page zooming inevitably presents rendering artifacts in some components, both in Bootstrap and the rest of the web. Depending on the issue, we may be able to fix it (search first and then open an issue if need be). However, we tend to ignore these as they often have no direct solution other than hacky workarounds.
Sticky :hover/:focus on mobile
Even though real hovering isn't possible on most touchscreens, most mobile browsers emulate hovering support and make :hover "sticky". In other words, :hover styles start applying after tapping an element and only stop applying after the user taps some other element. This can cause Bootstrap's :hover states to become undesirably "stuck" on such browsers. Some mobile browsers also make :focus similarly sticky. There is currently no simple workaround for these issues other than removing such styles entirely.
Printing
Even in some modern browsers, printing can be quirky.
In particular, as of Chrome v32 and regardless of margin settings, Chrome uses a viewport width significantly narrower than the physical paper size when resolving media queries while printing a webpage. This can result in Bootstrap's extra-small grid being unexpectedly activated when printing. See issue #12078 and Chrome bug #273306 for some details. Suggested workarounds:
Embrace the extra-small grid and make sure your page looks acceptable under it.
Customize the values of the @screen-* Less variables so that your printer paper is considered larger than extra-small.
Add custom media queries to change the grid size breakpoints for print media only.
Also, as of Safari v8.0, fixed-width .containers can cause Safari to use an unusually small font size when printing. See #14868 and WebKit bug #138192 for more details. One potential workaround for this is adding the following CSS:
Bootstrap follows common web standards and—with minimal extra effort—can be used to create sites that are accessible to those using AT.
Skip navigation
If your navigation contains many links and comes before the main content in the DOM, add a Skip to main content link before the navigation (for a simple explanation, see this A11Y Project article on skip navigation links). Using the .sr-only class will visually hide the skip link, and the .sr-only-focusable class will ensure that the link becomes visible once focused (for sighted keyboard users).
Due to long-standing shortcomings/bugs in Chrome (see issue 262171 in the Chromium bug tracker) and Internet Explorer (see this article on in-page links and focus order), you will need to make sure that the target of your skip link is at least programmatically focusable by adding tabindex="-1".
In addition, you may want to explicitly suppress a visible focus indication on the target (particularly as Chrome currently also sets focus on elements with tabindex="-1" when they are clicked with the mouse) with #content:focus { outline: none; }.
Note that this bug will also affect any other in-page links your site may be using, rendering them useless for keyboard users. You may consider adding a similar stop-gap fix to all other named anchors / fragment identifiers that act as link targets.
<body>
+}
Accessibility
Bootstrap follows common web standards and—with minimal extra effort—can be used to create sites that are accessible to those using AT.
Skip navigation
If your navigation contains many links and comes before the main content in the DOM, add a Skip to main content link before the navigation (for a simple explanation, see this A11Y Project article on skip navigation links). Using the .sr-only class will visually hide the skip link, and the .sr-only-focusable class will ensure that the link becomes visible once focused (for sighted keyboard users).
Due to long-standing shortcomings/bugs in Chrome (see issue 262171 in the Chromium bug tracker) and Internet Explorer (see this article on in-page links and focus order), you will need to make sure that the target of your skip link is at least programmatically focusable by adding tabindex="-1".
In addition, you may want to explicitly suppress a visible focus indication on the target (particularly as Chrome currently also sets focus on elements with tabindex="-1" when they are clicked with the mouse) with #content:focus { outline: none; }.
Note that this bug will also affect any other in-page links your site may be using, rendering them useless for keyboard users. You may consider adding a similar stop-gap fix to all other named anchors / fragment identifiers that act as link targets.
<body><ahref="#content"class="sr-only sr-only-focusable">Skip to main content</a>
...
<divclass="container"id="content"tabindex="-1"><!-- The main page content --></div>
-</body>
Nested headings
When nesting headings (<h1> - <h6>), your primary document header should be an <h1>. Subsequent headings should make logical use of <h2> - <h6> such that screen readers can construct a table of contents for your pages.
Currently, some of the default color combinations available in Bootstrap (such as the various styled button classes, some of the code highlighting colors used for basic code blocks, the .bg-primarycontextual background helper class, and the default link color when used on a white background) have a low contrast ratio (below the recommended ratio of 4.5:1). This can cause problems to users with low vision or who are color blind. These default colors may need to be modified to increase their contrast and legibility.
Bootstrap is released under the MIT license and is copyright 2016 Twitter. Boiled down to smaller chunks, it can be described with the following conditions.
It requires you to:
Keep the license and copyright notice included in Bootstrap's CSS and JavaScript files when you use them in your works
It permits you to:
Freely download and use Bootstrap, in whole or in part, for personal, private, company internal, or commercial purposes
Use Bootstrap in packages or distributions that you create
Modify the source code
Grant a sublicense to modify and distribute Bootstrap to third parties not included in the license
It forbids you to:
Hold the authors and license owners liable for damages as Bootstrap is provided without warranty
Hold the creators or copyright holders of Bootstrap liable
Redistribute any piece of Bootstrap without proper attribution
Use any marks owned by Twitter in any way that might state or imply that Twitter endorses your distribution
Use any marks owned by Twitter in any way that might state or imply that you created the Twitter software in question
It does not require you to:
Include the source of Bootstrap itself, or of any modifications you may have made to it, in any redistribution you may assemble that includes it
Submit changes that you make to Bootstrap back to the Bootstrap project (though such feedback is encouraged)
Community members have translated Bootstrap's documentation into various languages. None are officially supported and they may not always be up to date.
We don't help organize or host translations, we just link to them.
Finished a new or better translation? Open a pull request to add it to our list.
\ No newline at end of file
+</body>
Nested headings
When nesting headings (<h1> - <h6>), your primary document header should be an <h1>. Subsequent headings should make logical use of <h2> - <h6> such that screen readers can construct a table of contents for your pages.
Currently, some of the default color combinations available in Bootstrap (such as the various styled button classes, some of the code highlighting colors used for basic code blocks, the .bg-primarycontextual background helper class, and the default link color when used on a white background) have a low contrast ratio (below the recommended ratio of 4.5:1). This can cause problems to users with low vision or who are color blind. These default colors may need to be modified to increase their contrast and legibility.
Bootstrap is released under the MIT license and is copyright 2016 Twitter. Boiled down to smaller chunks, it can be described with the following conditions.
It requires you to:
Keep the license and copyright notice included in Bootstrap's CSS and JavaScript files when you use them in your works
It permits you to:
Freely download and use Bootstrap, in whole or in part, for personal, private, company internal, or commercial purposes
Use Bootstrap in packages or distributions that you create
Modify the source code
Grant a sublicense to modify and distribute Bootstrap to third parties not included in the license
It forbids you to:
Hold the authors and license owners liable for damages as Bootstrap is provided without warranty
Hold the creators or copyright holders of Bootstrap liable
Redistribute any piece of Bootstrap without proper attribution
Use any marks owned by Twitter in any way that might state or imply that Twitter endorses your distribution
Use any marks owned by Twitter in any way that might state or imply that you created the Twitter software in question
It does not require you to:
Include the source of Bootstrap itself, or of any modifications you may have made to it, in any redistribution you may assemble that includes it
Submit changes that you make to Bootstrap back to the Bootstrap project (though such feedback is encouraged)
Community members have translated Bootstrap's documentation into various languages. None are officially supported and they may not always be up to date.
We don't help organize or host translations, we just link to them.
Finished a new or better translation? Open a pull request to add it to our list.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/4.0/getting-started/accessibility/index.html b/docs/4.0/getting-started/accessibility/index.html
index 371c5f4413..4a4cebbd0a 100644
--- a/docs/4.0/getting-started/accessibility/index.html
+++ b/docs/4.0/getting-started/accessibility/index.html
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@
Chat with fellow Bootstrappers in IRC. On the irc.freenode.net server, in the ##bootstrap channel.
Implementation help may be found at Stack Overflow (tagged bootstrap-4).
-
Developers should use the keyword bootstrap on packages which modify or add to the functionality of Bootstrap when distributing through npm or similar delivery mechanisms for maximum discoverability.
+
Developers should use the keyword bootstrap on packages which modify or add to the functionality of Bootstrap when distributing through npm or similar delivery mechanisms for maximum discoverability.
Chat with fellow Bootstrappers in IRC. On the irc.freenode.net server, in the ##bootstrap channel.
Implementation help may be found at Stack Overflow (tagged bootstrap-4).
-
Developers should use the keyword bootstrap on packages which modify or add to the functionality of Bootstrap when distributing through npm or similar delivery mechanisms for maximum discoverability.
+
Developers should use the keyword bootstrap on packages which modify or add to the functionality of Bootstrap when distributing through npm or similar delivery mechanisms for maximum discoverability.
