--- layout: docs title: Migrating to v5 description: Track and review changes to the Bootstrap source files, documentation, and components to help you migrate from v4 to v5. group: migration aliases: "/migration/" toc: true --- ## v5.0.0-beta3 ### Utilities - Dropped the `0` entry in `$border-widths` map to remove the duplicated `.border-0` class. ## v5.0.0-beta2 ### Utilities - Renamed `--aspect-ratio` to `--bs-aspect-ratio` to be consistent with other custom properties. - Extended the `.visually-hidden-focusable` helper to also work on containers, using `:focus-within`. - `bootstrap-utilities.css` now also includes our helpers. Helpers don't need to be imported in custom builds anymore. - Extended form validation states customization capabilities. Added three new optional parameters to the `form-validation-state` mixin: `tooltip-color`, `tooltip-bg-color`, `focus-box-shadow`. These parameters can be set in the `$form-validation-states` map. [See #31757](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31757). ### JavaScript - Restored `offset` option for Dropdown, Popover and Tooltip plugins. - The default value for the `fallbackPlacements` is changed to `['top', 'right', 'bottom', 'left']` for better placement of popper elements. - All the events for the dropdown are now triggered on the dropdown toggle button and then bubbled up to the parent element. - Dropdown menus now have a `data-bs-popper="static"` attribute set when the positioning of the dropdown is static and `data-bs-popper="none"` when dropdown is in the navbar. This is added by our JavaScript and helps us use custom position styles without interfering with Popper's positioning. - `popperConfig` can be passed as a function that accepts the Bootstrap's default Popper config as an argument, so that you can merge this default configuration in your way. ## v5.0.0-beta1 ### RTL **The RTL feature is still experimental and will probably evolve according to user feedback.** Spotted something or have an improvement to suggest? [Open an issue]({{< param repo >}}/issues/new), we'd love to get your insights. #### Sass Horizontal direction sensitive variables, utilities and mixins are renamed with more logical names — `start` and `end` in lieu of `left` and `right`. ##### Components - Renamed `.dropleft` and `.dropright` to `.dropstart` and `.dropend`. - Renamed `.dropdown-menu-*-left` and `.dropdown-menu-*-right` to `.dropdown-menu-*-start` and `.dropdown-menu-*-end`. - Renamed `.bs-popover-left` and `.bs-popover-right` to `.bs-popover-start` and `.bs-popover-end`. - Renamed `.bs-tooltip-left` and `.bs-tooltip-right` to `.bs-tooltip-start` and `.bs-tooltip-end`. - Renamed `.carousel-item-left` and `.carousel-item-right` to `.carousel-item-start` and `.carousel-item-end`. ##### Utilities - Renamed `.left-*` and `.right-*` to `.start-*` and `.end-*`. - Renamed `.float-left` and `.float-right` to `.float-start` and `.float-end`. - Renamed `.border-left` and `.border-right` to `.border-start` and `.border-end`. - Renamed `.rounded-left` and `.rounded-right` to `.rounded-start` and `.rounded-end`. - Renamed `.ml-*` and `.mr-*` to `.ms-*` and `.me-*`. - Renamed `.pl-*` and `.pr-*` to `.ps-*` and `.pe-*`. - Renamed `.text-left` and `.text-right` to `.text-start` and `.text-end`. Breakpoints specific variants are consequently renamed too (e.g. `.text-md-start` replaces `.text-md-left`). **Note**: if you used v4 to make RTL pages, ensure to reverse changes mentioned above: e.g. use `.*-start` were you used `.*-right`. ##### Mixins - Renamed `border-left-radius()` and `border-right-radius()` to `border-start-radius()` and `border-end-radius()` — as well as their corner relative variants (eg. `.border-bottom-left-radius` became `.border-bottom-start-radius`). - Renamed `caret-left()` and `caret-right()` to `caret-start()` and `caret-end()` — subsequently, the `caret()` mixin now takes `start` and `end` as arguments instead of `left` and `right`. ##### Variables - New `$breadcrumb-divider-flipped` if a different breadcrumb separator is needed in RTL. - Renamed `$navbar-brand-margin-right` to `$navbar-brand-margin-end`. - Renamed `$pagination-margin-left` to `$pagination-margin-start`. - Renamed `$form-check-padding-left` to `$form-check-padding-start`. - Renamed `$form-switch-padding-left` to `$form-switch-padding-start`. - Renamed `$form-check-inline-margin-right` to `$form-check-inline-margin-end`. - Renamed `$form-select-feedback-icon-padding-right` to `$form-select-feedback-icon-padding-end`. ### JavaScript - Data attributes for all JavaScript plugins are now namespaced to help distinguish Bootstrap functionality from third parties and your own code. For example, we use `data-bs-toggle` instead of `data-toggle`. - Updated Popper to v2.x: - Removed `offset` option from our Tooltip/Popover and Dropdown plugins; this can still be achieved using the `popperConfig` parameter. - The `fallbackPlacement` option has become `fallbackPlacements`. ### Sass - Renamed `scale-color()` function to `shift-color()` to avoid collision with Sass's own color scaling function. ### Utilities - Added new `.translate-middle-x` & `.translate-middle-y` utilities to horizontally or vertically center absolute/fixed positioned elements. ### Components #### Breadcrumbs - Simplified the default appearance of breadcrumbs by removing `padding`, `background-color`, and `border-radius`. - Added new CSS custom property `--bs-breadcrumb-divider` for easy customization without needing to recompile CSS. #### Toasts - Toasts can now be [positioned]({{< docsref "/components/toasts#placement" >}}) in a `.toast-container` with the help of [positioning utilities]({{< docsref "/utilities/position" >}}). ## v5.0.0-alpha3 ### Browser support - Dropped support for Microsoft Edge Legacy. See [here](#browser-support-1) for the previous browser support changes. ### Sass - The color system which worked with `color-level()` and `$theme-color-interval` was removed in favor of a new color system. All `lighten()` and `darken()` functions in our codebase are replaced by `tint-color()` and `shade-color()`. These functions will mix the color with either white or black instead of changing its lightness by a fixed amount. The `scale-color()` (changed to `shift-color()` in Beta 1) will either tint or shade a color depending on whether its weight parameter is positive or negative. [See #30622](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/30622) for more details. - Spinners now honor `prefers-reduced-motion: reduce` by slowing down animations. [See #31882](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31882). ### Reboot - Introduce `$enable-smooth-scroll`, which applies `scroll-behavior: smooth` globally—except for users asking for reduced motion through `prefers-reduced-motion` media query. [See #31877](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31877) ### Buttons - [Dropped `.btn-block` in favor of CSS grid utility classes.]({{< docsref "/components/buttons#block-buttons" >}}) Instead of applying `.btn-block` to individual buttons, a group of buttons now get wrapped in a parent `.d-grid` class and can use `.gap-*` utilities for spacing. For individual "block buttons", add `.w-100`. ### Forms - The longstanding [Missing border radius on input group with validation feedback bug](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/25110) is finally fixed by adding an additional `.has-validation` class to input groups with validation. - Promoted the Floating labels example to fully supported form component. [See the new Floating labels page.]({{< docsref "/forms/floating-labels" >}}) - File inputs now use the `.form-control` class and don't require JavaScript, additional HTML, or additional classes. [See #31955](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31955). - Added `cursor:pointer` to `.form-control-color` color inputs. ### Utilities - **Text utilities:** - Added `.fs-*` utilities for `font-size` utilities (with RFS enabled). These use the same scale as HTML's default headings (1-6, large to small), and can be modified via Sass map. - Renamed `.font-weight-*` utilities as `.fw-*` for brevity and consistency. - Renamed `.font-style-*` utilities as `.fst-*` for brevity and consistency. - Added `.d-grid` to display utilities - Added new `gap` utilities (`.gap`) for CSS Grid layouts - Removed `.rounded-sm` and `rounded-lg`, and introduced `.rounded-0` to `.rounded-3`. [See #31687](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31687). ## v5.0.0-alpha2 ### Sass - Added default parameters to each `border-radius` mixin. [See #31571](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31571). - Updated the next breakpoint when targeting only the `xs` breakpoint. [See #31500](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31500). - `box-shadow` mixins now allow `null` values and drop `none` from multiple arguments. [See #30394](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/30394). ### Docs - Renamed "Navs" page to "Navs & Tabs" - Renamed "Screen readers" helper page to "Visually hidden", and filename to `visually-hidden` - Renamed "Checks" page to "Checks & radios", and filename to `checks-radios` - Improved documentation of check/radio powered button groups - Improved skip links in our docs. - Redesigned docs navigation for larger tap targets on mobile and a streamlined subnav. - [#31114](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31114): Improved form documentation with regards to accessibility. ### Layout - Container horizontal padding updated to match the gutter size of `.row`s. - [#31439](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31439): Removed `flex: 1 0 100%` from rows due to regressions in grid behavior. ### Reboot - Updated `th` styling to use a default `null` value for `font-weight` and inherit `text-align` instead of setting explicitly. ### Colors - Bumped color contrast ratio from 3:1 to 4.5:1. - Set `$black` as color contrast color instead of `$gray-900`. - Improved `$green` (and its theme alias `$success`) color to reach a new minimum color contrast (moving from `#28a745` to `#198754`). - Improved `$cyan` (and its theme alias `$info`) color to be more vibrant (moving from `#17a2b8` to `#0dcaf0`). ### Forms - [#31383](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31383): Resized checks and radios to be `1em` instead of `1.25em` in an effort to make them scale better with custom `$font-size-base` values and more. ### Components #### Badges - [#31132](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31132): Increased default padding for badges from `.25em`/`.5em` to `.35em`/`.65em`. #### Buttons - [#30639](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/30639): Disabled states of buttons are easier to customize thanks to additional arguments in the `button-variant()` mixin. - [#30989](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/30989): Updated buttons to ensure increased contrast on hover and active states. #### Carousel - Replaced chevron icons for carousel controls with new SVGs from [Bootstrap Icons]({{< param "icons" >}}). - Added new [`.carousel-dark` variant]({{< docsref "/components/carousel#dark-variant" >}}) for dark text, controls, and indicators (great for lighter backgrounds). #### Close button - Renamed `.close` to `.btn-close` for a less generic name. - Close buttons now use a `background-image` (embedded SVG) instead of a `×` in the HTML, allowing for easier customization without the need to touch your markup. - Added new variables to better control the customization. - Added new `.btn-close-white` variant that uses `filter: invert(1)` to enable higher contrast dismiss icons against darker backgrounds. #### Collapse - [#31346](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31346): Removed scroll anchoring for accordions. #### Dropdowns - Added new `.dropdown-menu-dark` variant and associated variables for on-demand dark dropdowns. - Added new variable for `$dropdown-padding-x`. - Darkened the dropdown divider for improved contrast. #### Navs - [#31035](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31035): Added new `null` variables for `font-size`, `font-weight`, `color`, and `:hover` `color` to the `.nav-link` class. #### Pagination - Added `transition`s to pagination links. [See #31396](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31396). #### Popovers - Renamed `whiteList` option to `allowList`. #### Toasts - [#31109](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31109): Made default toast duration 5 seconds. - [#31155](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31155): Clear `timeout` before showing toasts. - [#31381](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31381): Removed `overflow: hidden` from toasts and replaced with proper `border-radius`s with `calc()` functions. - Updated docs to include additional examples for how to customize and theme toasts. #### Tooltips - Renamed `whiteList` option to `allowList`. ### Helpers - Responsive embed helpers have been renamed to [ratio helpers]({{< docsref "/helpers/ratio" >}}) with new class names and improved behaviors, as well as a helpful CSS variable. - Classes have been renamed to change `by` to `x` in the aspect ratio. For example, `.ratio-16by9` is now `.ratio-16x9`. - We've dropped the `.embed-responsive-item` and element group selector in favor of a simpler `.ratio > *` selector. No more class is needed, and the ratio helper now works with any HTML element. - The `$embed-responsive-aspect-ratios` Sass map has been renamed to `$aspect-ratios` and its values have been simplified to include the class name and the percentage as the `key: value` pair. - CSS variables are now generated and included for each value in the Sass map. Modify the `--aspect-ratio` variable on the `.ratio` to create any [custom aspect ratio]({{< docsref "/helpers/ratio#custom-ratios" >}}). - "Screen reader" classes are now ["visually hidden" classes]({{< docsref "/helpers/visually-hidden" >}}). - Changed the Sass file from `scss/helpers/_screenreaders.scss` to `scss/helpers/_visually-hidden.scss` - Renamed `.sr-only` and `.sr-only-focusable` to `.visually-hidden` and `.visually-hidden-focusable` - Renamed `sr-only()` and `sr-only-focusable()` mixins to `visually-hidden()` and `visually-hidden-focusable()`. ### Utilities - [#31280](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31280): Added new [position utilities]({{< docsref "/utilities/position#arrange-elements" >}}) for `top`, `right`, `bottom`, and `left`. Values include `0`, `50%`, and `100%` for each property. - We also added new `translate` utilities to accompany those position utilities for centering elements when they're being positioned. - Some great examples have been added to the docs to show these off. - [#31484](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31484): Added new [`border-width` utility]({{< docsref "/utilities/borders#border-width" >}}). - [#31473](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31473): The `.d-none` utility was moved in our CSS to give it more weight over other display utilities. - Renamed `.text-monospace` to `.font-monospace`. - Removed `.text-hide` as it's an antiquated method for hiding text that shouldn't be used anymore. - New `line-height` utilities: `.lh-1`, `.lh-sm`, `.lh-base` and `.lh-lg`. See [here]({{< docsref "/utilities/text#line-height" >}}). --- ## v5.0.0-alpha1 ### Browser support See the browser and devices page for details on what is currently supported in Bootstrap 5. Since v4, here's what's changed to our browser support: - Dropped support for Internet Explorer 10 and 11 - Dropped support for Microsoft Edge < 16 - Dropped support for Firefox < 60 - Dropped support for Safari < 10 - Dropped support for iOS Safari < 10 - Dropped support for Chrome < 60 - Dropped support for Android < 6 ### Sass Changes to our source Sass files and compiled CSS. - Removed `hover`, `hover-focus`, `plain-hover-focus`, and `hover-focus-active` mixins. Use regular CSS syntax for these moving forward. [See #28267](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/28267). - Remove previously deprecated mixins - `float()` - `form-control-mixin()` - `nav-divider()` - `retina-img()` - `text-hide()` (also dropped the associated utility class, `.text-hide`) - `visibility()` - `form-control-focus()` - Rearranged forms source files under `scss/forms/`. [See Forms section for more details.](#forms) - Removed print styles and `$enable-print-styles` variable. Print display classes, however, have remained intact. [See #28339](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/28339). - Dropped `color()`, `theme-color()` & `gray()` functions in favor of variables. [See #29083](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/29083) - The `theme-color-level()` function is renamed to `color-level()` and now accepts any color you want instead of only `$theme-color` colors. [See #29083](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/29083) **Watch out:** `color-level()` was later on dropped in `v5.0.0-alpha3`. - `$enable-grid-classes` doesn't disable the generation of container classes anymore [See #29146](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/29146) - Renamed `$enable-prefers-reduced-motion-media-query` and `$enable-pointer-cursor-for-buttons` to `$enable-reduced-motion` and `$enable-button-pointers` for brevity. - Line heights are dropped from several components to simplify our codebase. The `button-size()` and `pagination-size()` do not accept line height parameters anymore. [See #29271](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/29271) - The `button-variant()` mixin now accepts 3 optional color parameters, for each button state, to override the color provided by `color-contrast()`. By default, these parameters will find which color provides more contrast against the button state's background color with `color-contrast()`. - The `button-outline-variant()` mixin now accepts an additional argument, `$active-color`, for setting the button's active state text color. By default, this parameter will find which color provides more contrast against the button's active background color with `color-contrast()`. - Ditch the Sass map merges, which makes it easier to remove redundant values. Keep in mind you now have to define all values in the Sass maps like `$theme-colors`. Check out how to deal with [Sass maps]({{< docsref "/customize/sass#maps-and-loops" >}}). - `color-yiq()` function and related variables are renamed to `color-contrast()` since it's not related to YIQ colorspace anymore. [See #30168.](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/30168/) - `$yiq-contrasted-threshold` is renamed to `$min-contrast-ratio`. - `$yiq-text-dark` and `$yiq-text-light` are respectively renamed to `$color-contrast-dark` and `$color-contrast-light`. - Linear gradients are simplified when gradients are enabled and therefore, `gradient-bg()` now only accepts an optional `$color` parameter. - The `bg-gradient-variant()` mixin is removed since the `.bg-gradient` class can now be used to add gradients to elements instead of the `.bg-gradient-*` classes. - The `media-breakpoint-down()` uses the breakpoint itself instead of the next breakpoint. Use `media-breakpoint-down(lg)` instead of `media-breakpoint-down(md)` to target viewports smaller than the `lg` breakpoint. - The `media-breakpoint-between()` mixin's second parameter also uses the breakpoint itself instead of the next breakpoint. Use `media-between(sm, lg)` instead of `media-breakpoint-between(sm, md)` to target viewports between the `sm` and `lg` breakpoints. - The `box-shadow()` mixin now better supports `none` and `null` with multiple arguments. Now you can pass multiple arguments with either value and get the expected output. [See #30394](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/30394). - Each `border-radius()` mixin now has a default value. You can now call these mixins without specifying a border radius value and the `$border-radius` variable will be used. [See #31571](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/31571) ### JavaScript Changes to our source and compiled JavaScript files. - Dropped jQuery dependency and rewrote plugins to be in regular JavaScript. - Removed underscore from public static methods like `_getInstance()` → `getInstance()`. ### Color system We've updated the color system that powers Bootstrap to improve color contrast and provide a much more extensive set of colors. - Updated blue and pink base colors (`-500`) to ensure WCAG 2.1 AA contrast. - Added new tints and shades for every color, providing nine separate colors for each base color, as new Sass variables. - To support our color system, we've added new custom `tint-color()` and `shade-color()` functions to mix our colors appropriately. ### Grid and layout Changes to any layout tools and our grid system. - Dropped the `.media` component as it can be built with utility classes. [See #28265](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/28265). - Remove `position: relative` from grid columns. - The horizontal padding is added to the direct children in a row instead of the columns themselves. - This simplifies our codebase. - The column classes can now be used stand-alone. Whenever they are used outside a `.row`, horizontal padding won't be added. - The responsive gutter classes can be used to control the gutter width in horizontal, vertical or both directions. - The gutter width is now set in `rem` and decreased from `30px` to `1.5rem` (24px). - `bootstrap-grid.css` now only applies `box-sizing: border-box` to the column instead of resetting the global box-sizing. This way the grid system can be used, even if `box-sizing: border-box` is not applied to each element. ### Content, Reboot, etc Changes to Reboot, typography, tables, and more. - [RFS]({{< docsref "/getting-started/rfs" >}}) enabled for automated font size rescaling. [See #29152](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/29152) - Reset default horizontal `padding-left` on `