--- layout: docs title: Modal description: Use Bootstrap's JavaScript modal plugin to add dialogs to your site for lightboxes, user notifications, or completely custom content. group: components toc: true --- ## How it works Before getting started with Bootstrap's modal component, be sure to read the following as our menu options have recently changed. - Modals are built with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. They're positioned over everything else in the document and remove scroll from the `` so that modal content scrolls instead. - Clicking on the modal "backdrop" will automatically close the modal. - Bootstrap only supports one modal window at a time. Nested modals aren't supported as we believe them to be poor user experiences. - Modals use `position: fixed`, which can sometimes be a bit particular about its rendering. Whenever possible, place your modal HTML in a top-level position to avoid potential interference from other elements. You'll likely run into issues when nesting a `.modal` within another fixed element. - Once again, due to `position: fixed`, there are some caveats with using modals on mobile devices. [See our browser support docs]({{ site.baseurl }}/docs/{{ site.docs_version }}/getting-started/browsers-devices/#modals-and-dropdowns-on-mobile) for details. - Lastly, the `autofocus` HTML attribute has no effect in modals. Here's how you can achieve the same effect with custom JavaScript. Keep reading for demos and usage guidelines. - Due to how HTML5 defines its semantics, [the `autofocus` HTML attribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input#attr-autofocus) has no effect in Bootstrap modals. To achieve the same effect, use some custom JavaScript: {% highlight js %} $('#myModal').on('shown.bs.modal', function () { $('#myInput').focus() }) {% endhighlight %} ## Examples ### Modal components Below is a _static_ modal example (meaning its `position` and `display` have been overridden). Included are the modal header, modal body (required for `padding`), and modal footer (optional). We ask that you include modal headers with dismiss actions whenever possible, or provide another explicit dismiss action.
Modal title

Modal body text goes here.

{% highlight html %}
Modal title

Modal body text goes here.

{% endhighlight %} ### Live demo Toggle a working modal demo by clicking the button below. It will slide down and fade in from the top of the page.
{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %} ### Scrolling long content When modals become too long for the user's viewport or device, they scroll independent of the page itself. Try the demo below to see what we mean.
{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %} ### Tooltips and popovers [Tooltips]({{ site.baseurl }}/docs/{{ site.docs_version }}/components/tooltips/) and [popovers]({{ site.baseurl }}/docs/{{ site.docs_version }}/components/popovers/) can be placed within modals as needed. When modals are closed, any tooltips and popovers within are also automatically dismissed.
{% highlight html %}
Popover in a modal

This button triggers a popover on click.

Tooltips in a modal

This link and that link have tooltips on hover.

{% endhighlight %} ### Using the grid Utilize the Bootstrap grid system within a modal by nesting `.container-fluid` within the `.modal-body`. Then, use the normal grid system classes as you would anywhere else.
{% highlight html %}
.col-md-4
.col-md-4 .ml-auto
.col-md-3 .ml-auto
.col-md-2 .ml-auto
.col-md-6 .ml-auto
Level 1: .col-sm-9
Level 2: .col-8 .col-sm-6
Level 2: .col-4 .col-sm-6
{% endhighlight %} ### Varying modal content Have a bunch of buttons that all trigger the same modal with slightly different contents? Use `event.relatedTarget` and [HTML `data-*` attributes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Howto/Use_data_attributes) (possibly [via jQuery](https://api.jquery.com/data/)) to vary the contents of the modal depending on which button was clicked. Below is a live demo followed by example HTML and JavaScript. For more information, [read the modal events docs](#events) for details on `relatedTarget`. {% example html %} {% endexample %} {% highlight js %} $('#exampleModal').on('show.bs.modal', function (event) { var button = $(event.relatedTarget) // Button that triggered the modal var recipient = button.data('whatever') // Extract info from data-* attributes // If necessary, you could initiate an AJAX request here (and then do the updating in a callback). // Update the modal's content. We'll use jQuery here, but you could use a data binding library or other methods instead. var modal = $(this) modal.find('.modal-title').text('New message to ' + recipient) modal.find('.modal-body input').val(recipient) }) {% endhighlight %} ### Remove animation For modals that simply appear rather than fade in to view, remove the `.fade` class from your modal markup. {% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %} ### Dynamic heights If the height of a modal changes while it is open, you should call `$('#myModal').data('bs.modal').handleUpdate()` or `$('#myModal').modal('handleUpdate')` to readjust the modal's position in case a scrollbar appears. ### Accessibility Be sure to add `role="dialog"` and `aria-labelledby="..."`, referencing the modal title, to `.modal`, and `role="document"` to the `.modal-dialog` itself. Additionally, you may give a description of your modal dialog with `aria-describedby` on `.modal`. ### Embedding YouTube videos Embedding YouTube videos in modals requires additional JavaScript not in Bootstrap to automatically stop playback and more. [See this helpful Stack Overflow post](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18622508/bootstrap-3-and-youtube-in-modal) for more information. ## Optional sizes Modals have two optional sizes, available via modifier classes to be placed on a `.modal-dialog`. These sizes kick in at certain breakpoints to avoid horizontal scrollbars on narrower viewports.
{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %} ## Usage The modal plugin toggles your hidden content on demand, via data attributes or JavaScript. It also adds `.modal-open` to the `` to override default scrolling behavior and generates a `.modal-backdrop` to provide a click area for dismissing shown modals when clicking outside the modal. ### Via data attributes Activate a modal without writing JavaScript. Set `data-toggle="modal"` on a controller element, like a button, along with a `data-target="#foo"` or `href="#foo"` to target a specific modal to toggle. {% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %} ### Via JavaScript Call a modal with id `myModal` with a single line of JavaScript: {% highlight js %}$('#myModal').modal(options){% endhighlight %} ### Options Options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScript. For data attributes, append the option name to `data-`, as in `data-backdrop=""`.
Name Type Default Description
backdrop boolean or the string 'static' true Includes a modal-backdrop element. Alternatively, specify static for a backdrop which doesn't close the modal on click.
keyboard boolean true Closes the modal when escape key is pressed
focus boolean true Puts the focus on the modal when initialized.
show boolean true Shows the modal when initialized.
### Methods {% capture callout-include %}{% include callout-danger-async-methods.md %}{% endcapture %} {{ callout-include | markdownify }} #### `.modal(options)` Activates your content as a modal. Accepts an optional options `object`. {% highlight js %} $('#myModal').modal({ keyboard: false }) {% endhighlight %} #### `.modal('toggle')` Manually toggles a modal. **Returns to the caller before the modal has actually been shown or hidden** (i.e. before the `shown.bs.modal` or `hidden.bs.modal` event occurs). {% highlight js %}$('#myModal').modal('toggle'){% endhighlight %} #### `.modal('show')` Manually opens a modal. **Returns to the caller before the modal has actually been shown** (i.e. before the `shown.bs.modal` event occurs). {% highlight js %}$('#myModal').modal('show'){% endhighlight %} #### `.modal('hide')` Manually hides a modal. **Returns to the caller before the modal has actually been hidden** (i.e. before the `hidden.bs.modal` event occurs). {% highlight js %}$('#myModal').modal('hide'){% endhighlight %} #### `.modal('handleUpdate')` Manually readjust the modal's position if the height of a modal changes while it is open (i.e. in case a scrollbar appears). {% highlight js %}$('#myModal').modal('handleUpdate'){% endhighlight %} ### Events Bootstrap's modal class exposes a few events for hooking into modal functionality. All modal events are fired at the modal itself (i.e. at the `
`).
Event Type Description
show.bs.modal This event fires immediately when the show instance method is called. If caused by a click, the clicked element is available as the relatedTarget property of the event.
shown.bs.modal This event is fired when the modal has been made visible to the user (will wait for CSS transitions to complete). If caused by a click, the clicked element is available as the relatedTarget property of the event.
hide.bs.modal This event is fired immediately when the hide instance method has been called.
hidden.bs.modal This event is fired when the modal has finished being hidden from the user (will wait for CSS transitions to complete).
{% highlight js %} $('#myModal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function (e) { // do something... }) {% endhighlight %}