mirror of
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570 lines
38 KiB
HTML
570 lines
38 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
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<meta name="description" content="Components and options for laying out your Bootstrap project, including wrapping containers, a powerful grid system, a flexible media object, and responsive utility classes.">
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<meta name="author" content="Mark Otto, Jacob Thornton, and Bootstrap contributors">
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<meta name="generator" content="Jekyll v3.8.0">
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<title>Overview · Bootstrap</title>
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<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
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<link href="/docs/4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-WskhaSGFgHYWDcbwN70/dfYBj47jz9qbsMId/iRN3ewGhXQFZCSftd1LZCfmhktB" crossorigin="anonymous">
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<!-- Documentation extras -->
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<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
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<link href="/docs/4.1/assets//css/docs.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
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<!-- Favicons -->
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<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/docs/4.1/assets/img/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png" sizes="180x180">
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<link rel="icon" href="/docs/4.1/assets/img/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" type="image/png">
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<link rel="icon" href="/docs/4.1/assets/img/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16" type="image/png">
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<link rel="manifest" href="/docs/4.1/assets/img/favicons/manifest.json">
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<link rel="mask-icon" href="/docs/4.1/assets/img/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#563d7c">
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<link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico">
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<meta name="msapplication-config" content="/assets/img/favicons/browserconfig.xml">
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<meta name="theme-color" content="#563d7c">
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<!-- Twitter -->
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<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
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<meta name="twitter:site" content="@getbootstrap">
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<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@getbootstrap">
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Overview">
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="Components and options for laying out your Bootstrap project, including wrapping containers, a powerful grid system, a flexible media object, and responsive utility classes.">
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://getbootstrap.com/assets/brand/bootstrap-social-logo.png">
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<!-- Facebook -->
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<meta property="og:url" content="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.1/layout/overview/">
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<meta property="og:title" content="Overview">
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<meta property="og:description" content="Components and options for laying out your Bootstrap project, including wrapping containers, a powerful grid system, a flexible media object, and responsive utility classes.">
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<meta property="og:type" content="website">
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<meta property="og:image" content="http://getbootstrap.com/assets/brand/bootstrap-social.png">
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<meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://getbootstrap.com/assets/brand/bootstrap-social.png">
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<meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png">
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<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200">
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<meta property="og:image:height" content="630">
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<script>
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(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
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(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
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m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
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})(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
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ga('create', 'UA-146052-10', 'getbootstrap.com');
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ga('send', 'pageview');
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</script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<a id="skippy" class="sr-only sr-only-focusable" href="#content">
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<div class="container">
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<span class="skiplink-text">Skip to main content</span>
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</div>
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</a>
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<header class="navbar navbar-expand navbar-dark flex-column flex-md-row bd-navbar">
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<a class="navbar-brand mr-0 mr-md-2" href="/" aria-label="Bootstrap"><svg class="d-block" width="36" height="36" viewbox="0 0 612 612" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false"><title>Bootstrap</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M510 8a94.3 94.3 0 0 1 94 94v408a94.3 94.3 0 0 1-94 94H102a94.3 94.3 0 0 1-94-94V102a94.3 94.3 0 0 1 94-94h408m0-8H102C45.9 0 0 45.9 0 102v408c0 56.1 45.9 102 102 102h408c56.1 0 102-45.9 102-102V102C612 45.9 566.1 0 510 0z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M196.77 471.5V154.43h124.15c54.27 0 91 31.64 91 79.1 0 33-24.17 63.72-54.71 69.21v1.76c43.07 5.49 70.75 35.82 70.75 78 0 55.81-40 89-107.45 89zm39.55-180.4h63.28c46.8 0 72.29-18.68 72.29-53 0-31.42-21.53-48.78-60-48.78h-75.57zm78.22 145.46c47.68 0 72.73-19.34 72.73-56s-25.93-55.37-76.46-55.37h-74.49v111.4z"/></svg>
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</a>
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<div class="navbar-nav-scroll">
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<ul class="navbar-nav bd-navbar-nav flex-row">
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link " href="/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Bootstrap');">Home</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link active" href="/docs/4.1/getting-started/introduction/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Docs');">Documentation</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link " href="/docs/4.1/examples/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Examples');">Examples</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="https://themes.getbootstrap.com" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Themes');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Themes</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="https://jobs.getbootstrap.com" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Jobs');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jobs</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="https://expo.getbootstrap.com" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Expo');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Expo</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link" href="https://blog.getbootstrap.com" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Blog');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Blog</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<ul class="navbar-nav flex-row ml-md-auto d-none d-md-flex">
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<li class="nav-item dropdown">
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<a class="nav-item nav-link dropdown-toggle mr-md-2" href="#" id="bd-versions" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
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v4.1
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</a>
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<div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" aria-labelledby="bd-versions">
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<a class="dropdown-item active" href="/docs/4.1/">Latest (4.1.x)</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/">v4.0.0</a>
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<div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="https://v4-alpha.getbootstrap.com/">v4 Alpha 6</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/3.3/">v3.3.7</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="https://getbootstrap.com/2.3.2/">v2.3.2</a>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="GitHub"><svg class="navbar-nav-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 512 499.36" focusable="false"><title>GitHub</title><path d="M256 0C114.64 0 0 114.61 0 256c0 113.09 73.34 209 175.08 242.9 12.8 2.35 17.47-5.56 17.47-12.34 0-6.08-.22-22.18-.35-43.54-71.2 15.49-86.2-34.34-86.2-34.34-11.64-29.57-28.42-37.45-28.42-37.45-23.27-15.84 1.73-15.55 1.73-15.55 25.69 1.81 39.21 26.38 39.21 26.38 22.84 39.12 59.92 27.82 74.5 21.27 2.33-16.54 8.94-27.82 16.25-34.22-56.84-6.43-116.6-28.43-116.6-126.49 0-27.95 10-50.8 26.35-68.69-2.63-6.48-11.42-32.5 2.51-67.75 0 0 21.49-6.88 70.4 26.24a242.65 242.65 0 0 1 128.18 0c48.87-33.13 70.33-26.24 70.33-26.24 14 35.25 5.18 61.27 2.55 67.75 16.41 17.9 26.31 40.75 26.31 68.69 0 98.35-59.85 120-116.88 126.32 9.19 7.9 17.38 23.53 17.38 47.41 0 34.22-.31 61.83-.31 70.23 0 6.85 4.61 14.81 17.6 12.31C438.72 464.97 512 369.08 512 256.02 512 114.62 397.37 0 256 0z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://twitter.com/getbootstrap" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Twitter"><svg class="navbar-nav-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 512 416.32" focusable="false"><title>Twitter</title><path d="M160.83 416.32c193.2 0 298.92-160.22 298.92-298.92 0-4.51 0-9-.2-13.52A214 214 0 0 0 512 49.38a212.93 212.93 0 0 1-60.44 16.6 105.7 105.7 0 0 0 46.3-58.19 209 209 0 0 1-66.79 25.37 105.09 105.09 0 0 0-181.73 71.91 116.12 116.12 0 0 0 2.66 24c-87.28-4.3-164.73-46.3-216.56-109.82A105.48 105.48 0 0 0 68 159.6a106.27 106.27 0 0 1-47.53-13.11v1.43a105.28 105.28 0 0 0 84.21 103.06 105.67 105.67 0 0 1-47.33 1.84 105.06 105.06 0 0 0 98.14 72.94A210.72 210.72 0 0 1 25 370.84a202.17 202.17 0 0 1-25-1.43 298.85 298.85 0 0 0 160.83 46.92" fill="currentColor"/></svg>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://bootstrap-slack.herokuapp.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Slack"><svg class="navbar-nav-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 512 512" focusable="false"><title>Slack</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M210.787 234.832l68.31-22.883 22.1 65.977-68.309 22.882z"/><path d="M490.54 185.6C437.7 9.59 361.6-31.34 185.6 21.46S-31.3 150.4 21.46 326.4 150.4 543.3 326.4 490.54 543.34 361.6 490.54 185.6zM401.7 299.8l-33.15 11.05 11.46 34.38c4.5 13.92-2.87 29.06-16.78 33.56-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18l-11.46-34.38-68.36 22.92 11.46 34.38c4.5 13.92-2.87 29.06-16.78 33.56-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18l-11.46-34.43-33.15 11.05c-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18c-4.5-13.92 2.87-29.06 16.78-33.56l33.12-11.03-22.1-65.9-33.15 11.05c-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18c-4.48-13.93 2.89-29.07 16.81-33.58l33.15-11.05-11.46-34.38c-4.5-13.92 2.87-29.06 16.78-33.56s29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78l11.46 34.38 68.36-22.92-11.46-34.38c-4.5-13.92 2.87-29.06 16.78-33.56s29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78l11.47 34.42 33.15-11.05c13.92-4.5 29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78s-2.87 29.06-16.78 33.56L329.7 194.6l22.1 65.9 33.15-11.05c13.92-4.5 29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78s-2.88 29.07-16.81 33.57z" fill="currentColor"/></svg>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<a class="btn btn-bd-download d-none d-lg-inline-block mb-3 mb-md-0 ml-md-3" href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/archive/v4.1.1.zip">Download</a>
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</header>
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<div class="container-fluid">
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<div class="row flex-xl-nowrap">
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<div class="col-12 col-md-3 col-xl-2 bd-sidebar">
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<form class="bd-search d-flex align-items-center">
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<input type="search" class="form-control" id="search-input" placeholder="Search..." aria-label="Search for..." autocomplete="off" data-siteurl="https://getbootstrap.com" data-docs-version="4.1">
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<button class="btn btn-link bd-search-docs-toggle d-md-none p-0 ml-3" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bd-docs-nav" aria-controls="bd-docs-nav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle docs navigation"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 30 30" width="30" height="30" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"/></svg>
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</button>
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</form>
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<nav class="collapse bd-links" id="bd-docs-nav"><div class="bd-toc-item">
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.1/getting-started/introduction/">
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Getting started
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</a>
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<ul class="nav bd-sidenav"><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/getting-started/introduction/">
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Introduction
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/getting-started/download/">
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Download
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/getting-started/contents/">
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Contents
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/getting-started/browsers-devices/">
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Browsers & devices
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/getting-started/javascript/">
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JavaScript
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/getting-started/theming/">
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Theming
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/getting-started/build-tools/">
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Build tools
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/getting-started/webpack/">
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Webpack
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/getting-started/accessibility/">
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Accessibility
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</a></li></ul>
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</div><div class="bd-toc-item active">
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.1/layout/overview/">
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Layout
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</a>
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<ul class="nav bd-sidenav"><li class="active bd-sidenav-active">
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<a href="/docs/4.1/layout/overview/">
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Overview
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/layout/grid/">
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Grid
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/layout/media-object/">
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Media object
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/layout/utilities-for-layout/">
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Utilities for layout
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</a></li></ul>
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</div><div class="bd-toc-item">
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.1/content/reboot/">
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Content
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</a>
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<ul class="nav bd-sidenav"><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/content/reboot/">
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Reboot
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/content/typography/">
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Typography
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/content/code/">
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Code
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/content/images/">
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Images
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/content/tables/">
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Tables
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/content/figures/">
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Figures
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</a></li></ul>
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</div><div class="bd-toc-item">
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.1/components/alerts/">
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Components
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</a>
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<ul class="nav bd-sidenav"><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/alerts/">
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Alerts
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/badge/">
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Badge
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/breadcrumb/">
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Breadcrumb
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/buttons/">
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Buttons
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/button-group/">
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Button group
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/card/">
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Card
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/carousel/">
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Carousel
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/collapse/">
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Collapse
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/dropdowns/">
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Dropdowns
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/forms/">
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Forms
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/input-group/">
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Input group
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/jumbotron/">
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Jumbotron
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/list-group/">
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List group
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/modal/">
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Modal
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/navs/">
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Navs
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/navbar/">
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Navbar
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/pagination/">
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Pagination
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/popovers/">
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Popovers
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/progress/">
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Progress
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/scrollspy/">
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Scrollspy
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/tooltips/">
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Tooltips
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</a></li></ul>
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</div><div class="bd-toc-item">
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.1/utilities/borders/">
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Utilities
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</a>
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<ul class="nav bd-sidenav"><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/borders/">
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Borders
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/clearfix/">
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Clearfix
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/close-icon/">
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Close icon
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/colors/">
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Colors
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/display/">
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Display
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</a></li><li>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/embed/">
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Embed
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/flex/">
|
||
Flex
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/float/">
|
||
Float
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/image-replacement/">
|
||
Image replacement
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/position/">
|
||
Position
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/screenreaders/">
|
||
Screenreaders
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/shadows/">
|
||
Shadows
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/sizing/">
|
||
Sizing
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/spacing/">
|
||
Spacing
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/text/">
|
||
Text
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/vertical-align/">
|
||
Vertical align
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/visibility/">
|
||
Visibility
|
||
</a></li></ul>
|
||
</div><div class="bd-toc-item">
|
||
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.1/extend/approach/">
|
||
Extend
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav"><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/extend/approach/">
|
||
Approach
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/extend/icons/">
|
||
Icons
|
||
</a></li></ul>
|
||
</div><div class="bd-toc-item">
|
||
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.1/migration/">
|
||
Migration
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav"></ul>
|
||
</div><div class="bd-toc-item">
|
||
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.1/about/overview/">
|
||
About
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav"><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/about/overview/">
|
||
Overview
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/about/brand/">
|
||
Brand
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/about/license/">
|
||
License
|
||
</a></li><li>
|
||
<a href="/docs/4.1/about/translations/">
|
||
Translations
|
||
</a></li></ul>
|
||
</div></nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="d-none d-xl-block col-xl-2 bd-toc">
|
||
<ul class="section-nav">
|
||
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#containers">Containers</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#responsive-breakpoints">Responsive breakpoints</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#z-index">Z-index</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 py-md-3 pl-md-5 bd-content" role="main">
|
||
<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Overview</h1>
|
||
<p class="bd-lead">Components and options for laying out your Bootstrap project, including wrapping containers, a powerful grid system, a flexible media object, and responsive utility classes.</p>
|
||
<script async src="https://cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?zoneid=1673&serve=C6AILKT&placement=getbootstrapcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="containers">Containers</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>Containers are the most basic layout element in Bootstrap and are <strong>required when using our default grid system</strong>. Choose from a responsive, fixed-width container (meaning its <code class="highlighter-rouge">max-width</code> changes at each breakpoint) or fluid-width (meaning it’s <code class="highlighter-rouge">100%</code> wide all the time).</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>While containers <em>can</em> be nested, most layouts do not require a nested container.</p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bd-example">
|
||
<div class="bd-example-container">
|
||
<div class="bd-example-container-header"></div>
|
||
<div class="bd-example-container-sidebar"></div>
|
||
<div class="bd-example-container-body"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"container"</span><span class="nt">></span>
|
||
<span class="c"><!-- Content here --></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></figure>
|
||
|
||
<p>Use <code class="highlighter-rouge">.container-fluid</code> for a full width container, spanning the entire width of the viewport.</p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bd-example">
|
||
<div class="bd-example-container bd-example-container-fluid">
|
||
<div class="bd-example-container-header"></div>
|
||
<div class="bd-example-container-sidebar"></div>
|
||
<div class="bd-example-container-body"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"container-fluid"</span><span class="nt">></span>
|
||
...
|
||
<span class="nt"></div></span></code></pre></figure>
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="responsive-breakpoints">Responsive breakpoints</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>Since Bootstrap is developed to be mobile first, we use a handful of <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries">media queries</a> to create sensible breakpoints for our layouts and interfaces. These breakpoints are mostly based on minimum viewport widths and allow us to scale up elements as the viewport changes.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Bootstrap primarily uses the following media query ranges—or breakpoints—in our source Sass files for our layout, grid system, and components.</p>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="c1">// Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// No media query for `xs` since this is the default in Bootstrap</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">576px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">768px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Large devices (desktops, 992px and up)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">992px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
|
||
|
||
<p>Since we write our source CSS in Sass, all our media queries are available via Sass mixins:</p>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="c1">// No media query necessary for xs breakpoint as it's effectively `@media (min-width: 0) { ... }`</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sm</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">md</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lg</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xl</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Example: Hide starting at `min-width: 0`, and then show at the `sm` breakpoint</span>
|
||
<span class="nc">.custom-class</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">none</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sm</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nc">.custom-class</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
|
||
|
||
<p>We occasionally use media queries that go in the other direction (the given screen size <em>or smaller</em>):</p>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="c1">// Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">575</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Small devices (landscape phones, less than 768px)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">767</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Medium devices (tablets, less than 992px)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">991</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Large devices (desktops, less than 1200px)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1199</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Extra large devices (large desktops)</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// No media query since the extra-large breakpoint has no upper bound on its width</span></code></pre></figure>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-info">
|
||
<p>Note that since browsers do not currently support <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-4/#range-context">range context queries</a>, we work around the limitations of <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-4/#mq-min-max"><code class="highlighter-rouge">min-</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">max-</code> prefixes</a> and viewports with fractional widths (which can occur under certain conditions on high-dpi devices, for instance) by using values with higher precision for these comparisons.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<p>Once again, these media queries are also available via Sass mixins:</p>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xs</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sm</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">md</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lg</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// No media query necessary for xl breakpoint as it has no upper bound on its width</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Example: Style from medium breakpoint and down</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">md</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nc">.custom-class</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
|
||
|
||
<p>There are also media queries and mixins for targeting a single segment of screen sizes using the minimum and maximum breakpoint widths.</p>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="c1">// Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">575</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">576px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nf">and</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">767</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">768px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nf">and</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">991</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Large devices (desktops, 992px and up)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">992px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nf">and</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1199</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1">// Extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
|
||
|
||
<p>These media queries are also available via Sass mixins:</p>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xs</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sm</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">md</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lg</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xl</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
|
||
|
||
<p>Similarly, media queries may span multiple breakpoint widths:</p>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="c1">// Example</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// Apply styles starting from medium devices and up to extra large devices</span>
|
||
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">768px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nf">and</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1199</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
|
||
|
||
<p>The Sass mixin for targeting the same screen size range would be:</p>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-between</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">md</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">xl</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="z-index">Z-index</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>Several Bootstrap components utilize <code class="highlighter-rouge">z-index</code>, the CSS property that helps control layout by providing a third axis to arrange content. We utilize a default z-index scale in Bootstrap that’s been designed to properly layer navigation, tooltips and popovers, modals, and more.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>These higher values start at an arbitrary number, high and specific enough to ideally avoid conflicts. We need a standard set of these across our layered components—tooltips, popovers, navbars, dropdowns, modals—so we can be reasonably consistent in the behaviors. There’s no reason we couldn’t have used <code class="highlighter-rouge">100</code>+ or <code class="highlighter-rouge">500</code>+.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>We don’t encourage customization of these individual values; should you change one, you likely need to change them all.</p>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="nv">$zindex-dropdown</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1000</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$zindex-sticky</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1020</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$zindex-fixed</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1030</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$zindex-modal-backdrop</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1040</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$zindex-modal</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1050</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$zindex-popover</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1060</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$zindex-tooltip</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1070</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre></figure>
|
||
|
||
<p>To handle overlapping borders within components (e.g., buttons and inputs in input groups), we use low single digit <code class="highlighter-rouge">z-index</code> values of <code class="highlighter-rouge">1</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">2</code>, and <code class="highlighter-rouge">3</code> for default, hover, and active states. On hover/focus/active, we bring a particular element to the forefront with a higher <code class="highlighter-rouge">z-index</code> value to show their border over the sibling elements.</p>
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