mirror of
https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap.git
synced 2024-12-14 02:24:00 +01:00
179 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
179 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
layout: docs
|
|
title: RTL
|
|
description: Learn how to enable support for right-to-left text in Bootstrap across our layout, components, and utilities.
|
|
group: getting-started
|
|
toc: true
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## Get familiar
|
|
|
|
We recommend getting familiar with Bootstrap first by reading through our [Getting Started Introduction page]({{< docsref "/getting-started/introduction" >}}). Once you've run through it, continue reading here for how to enable RTL.
|
|
|
|
You may also want to read up on [the RTLCSS project](https://rtlcss.com/), as it powers our approach to RTL.
|
|
|
|
{{< callout warning >}}
|
|
**Bootstrap's RTL feature is still experimental** and will probably evolve according to user feedback. Spotted something or have an improvement to suggest? [Open an issue]({{< param repo >}}/issues/new/choose), we'd love to get your insights.
|
|
{{< /callout >}}
|
|
|
|
## Required HTML
|
|
|
|
There are two strict requirements for enabling RTL in Bootstrap-powered pages.
|
|
|
|
1. Set `dir="rtl"` on the `<html>` element.
|
|
2. Add an appropriate `lang` attribute, like `lang="ar"`, on the `<html>` element.
|
|
|
|
From there, you'll need to include an RTL version of our CSS. For example, here's the stylesheet for our compiled and minified CSS with RTL enabled:
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{< param "cdn.css_rtl" >}}" integrity="{{< param "cdn.css_rtl_hash" >}}" crossorigin="anonymous">
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Starter template
|
|
|
|
You can see the above requirements reflected in this modified RTL starter template.
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
<!doctype html>
|
|
<html lang="ar" dir="rtl">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<!-- Required meta tags -->
|
|
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{< param "cdn.css_rtl" >}}" integrity="{{< param "cdn.css_rtl_hash" >}}" crossorigin="anonymous">
|
|
|
|
<title>مرحبًا بالعالم!</title>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<h1>مرحبًا بالعالم!</h1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Optional JavaScript; choose one of the two! -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- Option 1: Bootstrap Bundle with Popper -->
|
|
<script src="{{< param "cdn.js_bundle" >}}" integrity="{{< param "cdn.js_bundle_hash" >}}" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Option 2: Separate Popper and Bootstrap JS -->
|
|
<!--
|
|
<script src="{{< param "cdn.popper" >}}" integrity="{{< param "cdn.popper_hash" >}}" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
|
|
<script src="{{< param "cdn.js" >}}" integrity="{{< param "cdn.js_hash" >}}" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
|
|
-->
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### RTL examples
|
|
|
|
Get started with one of our several [RTL examples]({{< docsref "/examples/#rtl" >}}).
|
|
|
|
## Approach
|
|
|
|
Our approach to building RTL support into Bootstrap comes with two important decisions that impact how we write and use our CSS:
|
|
|
|
1. **First, we decided to build it with the [RTLCSS](https://rtlcss.com/) project.** This gives us some powerful features for managing changes and overrides when moving from LTR to RTL. It also allows us to build two versions of Bootstrap from one codebase.
|
|
|
|
2. **Second, we've renamed a handful of directional classes to adopt a logical properties approach.** Most of you have already interacted with logical properties thanks to our flex utilities—they replace direction properties like `left` and `right` in favor `start` and `end`. That makes the class names and values appropriate for LTR and RTL without any overhead.
|
|
|
|
For example, instead of `.ml-3` for `margin-left`, use `.ms-3`.
|
|
|
|
Working with RTL, through our source Sass or compiled CSS, shouldn't be much different from our default LTR though.
|
|
|
|
## Customize from source
|
|
|
|
When it comes to [customization]({{< docsref "/customize/sass" >}}), the preferred way is to take advantage of variables, maps, and mixins. This approach works the same for RTL, even if it's post-processed from the compiled files, thanks to [how RTLCSS works](https://rtlcss.com/learn/getting-started/why-rtlcss/).
|
|
|
|
### Custom RTL values
|
|
|
|
Using [RTLCSS value directives](https://rtlcss.com/learn/usage-guide/value-directives/), you can make a variable output a different value for RTL. For example, to decrease the weight for `$font-weight-bold` throughout the codebase, you may use the `/*rtl: {value}*/` syntax:
|
|
|
|
```scss
|
|
$font-weight-bold: 700 #{/* rtl:600 */} !default;
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Which would output to the following for our default CSS and RTL CSS:
|
|
|
|
```css
|
|
/* bootstrap.css */
|
|
dt {
|
|
font-weight: 700 /* rtl:600 */;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* bootstrap.rtl.css */
|
|
dt {
|
|
font-weight: 600;
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Alternative font stack
|
|
|
|
In the case you're using a custom font, be aware that not all fonts support the non-Latin alphabet. To switch from Pan-European to Arabic family, you may need to use `/*rtl:insert: {value}*/` in your font stack to modify the names of font families.
|
|
|
|
For example, to switch from `Helvetica Neue` font for LTR to `Helvetica Neue Arabic` for RTL, your Sass code could look like this:
|
|
|
|
```scss
|
|
$font-family-sans-serif:
|
|
Helvetica Neue #{"/* rtl:insert:Arabic */"},
|
|
// Cross-platform generic font family (default user interface font)
|
|
system-ui,
|
|
// Safari for macOS and iOS (San Francisco)
|
|
-apple-system,
|
|
// Chrome < 56 for macOS (San Francisco)
|
|
BlinkMacSystemFont,
|
|
// Windows
|
|
"Segoe UI",
|
|
// Android
|
|
Roboto,
|
|
// Basic web fallback
|
|
Arial,
|
|
// Linux
|
|
"Noto Sans",
|
|
// Sans serif fallback
|
|
sans-serif,
|
|
// Emoji fonts
|
|
"Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji" !default;
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### LTR and RTL at the same time
|
|
|
|
Need both LTR and RTL on the same page? Thanks to [RTLCSS String Maps](https://rtlcss.com/learn/usage-guide/string-map/), this is pretty straightforward. Wrap your `@import`s with a class, and set a custom rename rule for RTLCSS:
|
|
|
|
```scss
|
|
/* rtl:begin:options: {
|
|
"autoRename": true,
|
|
"stringMap":[ {
|
|
"name": "ltr-rtl",
|
|
"priority": 100,
|
|
"search": ["ltr"],
|
|
"replace": ["rtl"],
|
|
"options": {
|
|
"scope": "*",
|
|
"ignoreCase": false
|
|
}
|
|
} ]
|
|
} */
|
|
.ltr {
|
|
@import "../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/bootstrap";
|
|
}
|
|
/*rtl:end:options*/
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
After running Sass then RTLCSS, each selector in your CSS files will be prepended by `.ltr`, and `.rtl` for RTL files. Now you're able to use both files on the same page, and simply use `.ltr` or `.rtl` on your components wrappers to use one or the other direction.
|
|
|
|
{{< callout warning >}}
|
|
**Edge cases and known limitations —** Please consider the following when working with a combined LTR and RTL implementation:
|
|
|
|
1. When switching `.ltr` and `.rtl`, make sure you add `dir` and `lang` attributes accordingly.
|
|
2. Loading both files can be a real performance bottleneck: consider some [optimization]({{< docsref "/customize/optimize" >}}), and maybe try to [load one of those files asynchronously](https://www.filamentgroup.com/lab/load-css-simpler/).
|
|
3. Nesting styles this way will prevent our `form-validation-state()` mixin from working as intended, thus require you tweak it a bit by yourself. [See #31223](https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/31223).
|
|
{{< /callout >}}
|
|
|
|
## The breadcrumb case
|
|
|
|
The [breadcrumb separator]({{< docsref "/components/breadcrumb" >}}/#changing-the-separator) is the only case requiring its own brand-new variable— namely `$breadcrumb-divider-flipped` —defaulting to `$breadcrumb-divider`.
|
|
|
|
## Additional resources
|
|
|
|
- [RTLCSS](https://rtlcss.com/)
|
|
- [RTL Styling 101](https://rtlstyling.com/posts/rtl-styling)
|