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* Docs: dependencies mgmt for vanilla ESM in browser Doc change for https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/31944 * Update javascript.md * Update javascript.md * Update .cspell.json * Update javascript.md * Update javascript.md * rewrite * Add link * edit * eslint-skip Co-authored-by: Caspar MacRae <earcam@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: XhmikosR <xhmikosr@gmail.com>
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| layout | title | description | group | toc |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| docs | JavaScript | Bring Bootstrap to life with our optional JavaScript plugins. Learn about each plugin, our data and programmatic API options, and more. | getting-started | true |
Individual or compiled
Plugins can be included individually (using Bootstrap's individual js/dist/*.js), or all at once using bootstrap.js or the minified bootstrap.min.js (don't include both).
If you use a bundler (Webpack, Rollup...), you can use /js/dist/*.js files which are UMD ready.
Usage with JavaScript frameworks
While the Bootstrap CSS can be used with any framework, the Bootstrap JavaScript is not fully compatible with JavaScript frameworks like React, Vue, and Angular which assume full knowledge of the DOM. Both Bootstrap and the framework may attempt to mutate the same DOM element, resulting in bugs like dropdowns that are stuck in the "open" position.
A better alternative for those using this type of frameworks is to use a framework-specific package instead of the Bootstrap JavaScript. Here are some of the most popular options:
- React: React Bootstrap
- Vue: BootstrapVue
- Angular: ng-bootstrap
Using Bootstrap as a module
{{< callout >}} Try it yourself! Download the source code and working demo for using Bootstrap as an ES module from the twbs/examples repository. You can also open the example in StackBlitz. {{< /callout >}}
We provide a version of Bootstrap built as ESM (bootstrap.esm.js and bootstrap.esm.min.js) which allows you to use Bootstrap as a module in the browser, if your targeted browsers support it.
<script type="module">
import { Toast } from 'bootstrap.esm.min.js'
Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.toast'))
.forEach(toastNode => new Toast(toastNode))
</script>
Compared to JS bundlers, using ESM in the browser requires you to use the full path and filename instead of the module name. Read more about JS modules in the browser. That's why we use 'bootstrap.esm.min.js' instead of 'bootstrap' above. However, this is further complicated by our Popper dependency, which imports Popper into our JavaScript like so:
import * as Popper from "@popperjs/core"
If you try this as-is, you'll see an error in the console like the following:
Uncaught TypeError: Failed to resolve module specifier "@popperjs/core". Relative references must start with either "/", "./", or "../".
To fix this, you can use an importmap to resolve the arbitrary module names to complete paths. If your targeted browsers do not support importmap, you'll need to use the es-module-shims project. Here's how it works for Bootstrap and Popper:
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link href="{{< param "cdn.css" >}}" rel="stylesheet" integrity="{{< param "cdn.css_hash" >}}" crossorigin="anonymous">
<title>Hello, modularity!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, modularity!</h1>
<button id="popoverButton" type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" class="btn btn-lg btn-danger" data-bs-toggle="popover" title="ESM in Browser" data-bs-content="Bang!">Custom popover</button>
<script async src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/es-module-shims@1/dist/es-module-shims.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script type="importmap">
{
"imports": {
"@popperjs/core": "{{< param "cdn.popper" >}}",
"bootstrap": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@{{< param "current_version" >}}/dist/js/bootstrap.esm.min.js"
}
}
</script>
<script type="module">
import * as bootstrap from 'bootstrap'
new bootstrap.Popover(document.getElementById('popoverButton'))
</script>
</body>
</html>
Dependencies
Some plugins and CSS components depend on other plugins. If you include plugins individually, make sure to check for these dependencies in the docs.
Our dropdowns, popovers and tooltips also depend on Popper.
Still want to use jQuery? It's possible!
Bootstrap 5 is designed to be used without jQuery, but it's still possible to use our components with jQuery. If Bootstrap detects jQuery in the window object it'll add all of our components in jQuery's plugin system; this means you'll be able to do $('[data-bs-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip() to enable tooltips. The same goes for our other components.
Data attributes
Nearly all Bootstrap plugins can be enabled and configured through HTML alone with data attributes (our preferred way of using JavaScript functionality). Be sure to only use one set of data attributes on a single element (e.g., you cannot trigger a tooltip and modal from the same button.)
{{< callout warning >}}
Selectors
Currently to query DOM elements we use the native methods querySelector and querySelectorAll for performance reasons, so you have to use valid selectors.
If you use special selectors, for example: collapse:Example be sure to escape them.
{{< /callout >}}
Events
Bootstrap provides custom events for most plugins' unique actions. Generally, these come in an infinitive and past participle form - where the infinitive (ex. show) is triggered at the start of an event, and its past participle form (ex. shown) is triggered on the completion of an action.
All infinitive events provide preventDefault() functionality. This provides the ability to stop the execution of an action before it starts. Returning false from an event handler will also automatically call preventDefault().
const myModal = document.getElementById('myModal')
myModal.addEventListener('show.bs.modal', event => {
if (!data) {
return event.preventDefault() // stops modal from being shown
}
})
{{< callout warning >}}
jQuery events
Bootstrap will detect jQuery if jQuery is present in the window object and there is no data-bs-no-jquery attribute set on <body>. If jQuery is found, Bootstrap will emit events thanks to jQuery's event system. So if you want to listen to Bootstrap's events, you'll have to use the jQuery methods (.on, .one) instead of addEventListener.
$('#myTab a').on('shown.bs.tab', () => {
// do something...
})
{{< /callout >}}
Programmatic API
All constructors accept an optional options object or nothing (which initiates a plugin with its default behavior):
const myModalEl = document.getElementById('myModal')
const modal = new bootstrap.Modal(myModalEl) // initialized with defaults
const modal1 = new bootstrap.Modal(myModalEl, { keyboard: false }) // initialized with no keyboard
If you'd like to get a particular plugin instance, each plugin exposes a getInstance method. In order to retrieve it directly from an element, do this: bootstrap.Popover.getInstance(myPopoverEl).
CSS selectors in constructors
You can also use a CSS selector as the first argument instead of a DOM element to initialize the plugin. Currently the element for the plugin is found by the querySelector method since our plugins support a single element only.
const modal = new bootstrap.Modal('#myModal')
const dropdown = new bootstrap.Dropdown('[data-bs-toggle="dropdown"]')
Asynchronous functions and transitions
All programmatic API methods are asynchronous and return to the caller once the transition is started but before it ends.
In order to execute an action once the transition is complete, you can listen to the corresponding event.
const myCollapseEl = document.getElementById('myCollapse')
myCollapseEl.addEventListener('shown.bs.collapse', event => {
// Action to execute once the collapsible area is expanded
})
In addition a method call on a transitioning component will be ignored.
const myCarouselEl = document.getElementById('myCarousel')
const carousel = bootstrap.Carousel.getInstance(myCarouselEl) // Retrieve a Carousel instance
myCarouselEl.addEventListener('slid.bs.carousel', event => {
carousel.to('2') // Will slide to the slide 2 as soon as the transition to slide 1 is finished
})
carousel.to('1') // Will start sliding to the slide 1 and returns to the caller
carousel.to('2') // !! Will be ignored, as the transition to the slide 1 is not finished !!
Default settings
You can change the default settings for a plugin by modifying the plugin's Constructor.Default object:
// changes default for the modal plugin's `keyboard` option to false
bootstrap.Modal.Default.keyboard = false
No conflict (only if you use jQuery)
Sometimes it is necessary to use Bootstrap plugins with other UI frameworks. In these circumstances, namespace collisions can occasionally occur. If this happens, you may call .noConflict on the plugin you wish to revert the value of.
const bootstrapButton = $.fn.button.noConflict() // return $.fn.button to previously assigned value
$.fn.bootstrapBtn = bootstrapButton // give $().bootstrapBtn the Bootstrap functionality
Version numbers
The version of each of Bootstrap's plugins can be accessed via the VERSION property of the plugin's constructor. For example, for the tooltip plugin:
bootstrap.Tooltip.VERSION // => "{{< param current_version >}}"
No special fallbacks when JavaScript is disabled
Bootstrap's plugins don't fall back particularly gracefully when JavaScript is disabled. If you care about the user experience in this case, use <noscript> to explain the situation (and how to re-enable JavaScript) to your users, and/or add your own custom fallbacks.
{{< callout warning >}}
Third-party libraries
Bootstrap does not officially support third-party JavaScript libraries like Prototype or jQuery UI. Despite .noConflict and namespaced events, there may be compatibility problems that you need to fix on your own.
{{< /callout >}}
Sanitizer
Tooltips and Popovers use our built-in sanitizer to sanitize options which accept HTML.
The default allowList value is the following:
const ARIA_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN = /^aria-[\w-]*$/i
const DefaultAllowlist = {
// Global attributes allowed on any supplied element below.
'*': ['class', 'dir', 'id', 'lang', 'role', ARIA_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN],
a: ['target', 'href', 'title', 'rel'],
area: [],
b: [],
br: [],
col: [],
code: [],
div: [],
em: [],
hr: [],
h1: [],
h2: [],
h3: [],
h4: [],
h5: [],
h6: [],
i: [],
img: ['src', 'srcset', 'alt', 'title', 'width', 'height'],
li: [],
ol: [],
p: [],
pre: [],
s: [],
small: [],
span: [],
sub: [],
sup: [],
strong: [],
u: [],
ul: []
}
If you want to add new values to this default allowList you can do the following:
const myDefaultAllowList = bootstrap.Tooltip.Default.allowList
// To allow table elements
myDefaultAllowList.table = []
// To allow td elements and data-bs-option attributes on td elements
myDefaultAllowList.td = ['data-bs-option']
// You can push your custom regex to validate your attributes.
// Be careful about your regular expressions being too lax
const myCustomRegex = /^data-my-app-[\w-]+/
myDefaultAllowList['*'].push(myCustomRegex)
If you want to bypass our sanitizer because you prefer to use a dedicated library, for example DOMPurify, you should do the following:
const yourTooltipEl = document.getElementById('yourTooltip')
const tooltip = new bootstrap.Tooltip(yourTooltipEl, {
sanitizeFn(content) {
return DOMPurify.sanitize(content)
}
})