mirror of
https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap.git
synced 2025-01-23 15:52:21 +01:00
472 lines
38 KiB
HTML
472 lines
38 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
|
|
<html lang="en">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
|
|
<meta name="description" content="Learn about the guiding principles, strategies, and techniques used to build and maintain Bootstrap so you can more easily customize and extend it yourself.">
|
|
<meta name="author" content="Mark Otto, Jacob Thornton, and Bootstrap contributors">
|
|
<meta name="generator" content="Hugo 0.79.0">
|
|
|
|
<meta name="docsearch:language" content="en">
|
|
<meta name="docsearch:version" content="5.0">
|
|
|
|
<title>Approach · Bootstrap v5.0</title>
|
|
|
|
<link rel="canonical" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.0/extend/approach/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
|
|
<link href="/docs/5.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-giJF6kkoqNQ00vy+HMDP7azOuL0xtbfIcaT9wjKHr8RbDVddVHyTfAAsrekwKmP1" crossorigin="anonymous">
|
|
|
|
<link href="/docs/5.0/assets/css/docs.css" rel="stylesheet">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Favicons -->
|
|
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/docs/5.0/assets/img/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png" sizes="180x180">
|
|
<link rel="icon" href="/docs/5.0/assets/img/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" type="image/png">
|
|
<link rel="icon" href="/docs/5.0/assets/img/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16" type="image/png">
|
|
<link rel="manifest" href="/docs/5.0/assets/img/favicons/manifest.json">
|
|
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/docs/5.0/assets/img/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#7952b3">
|
|
<link rel="icon" href="/docs/5.0/assets/img/favicons/favicon.ico">
|
|
<meta name="theme-color" content="#7952b3">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Twitter -->
|
|
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@getbootstrap">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@getbootstrap">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Approach">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Learn about the guiding principles, strategies, and techniques used to build and maintain Bootstrap so you can more easily customize and extend it yourself.">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.0/assets/brand/bootstrap-social.png">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Facebook -->
|
|
<meta property="og:url" content="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.0/extend/approach/">
|
|
<meta property="og:title" content="Approach">
|
|
<meta property="og:description" content="Learn about the guiding principles, strategies, and techniques used to build and maintain Bootstrap so you can more easily customize and extend it yourself.">
|
|
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
|
|
<meta property="og:image" content="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.0/assets/brand/bootstrap-social.png">
|
|
<meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png">
|
|
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1000">
|
|
<meta property="og:image:height" content="500">
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date;
|
|
ga('create', 'UA-146052-10', 'getbootstrap.com');
|
|
ga('set', 'anonymizeIp', true);
|
|
ga('send', 'pageview');
|
|
</script>
|
|
<script async src="https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<div class="skippy overflow-hidden">
|
|
<div class="container-xl">
|
|
<a class="visually-hidden-focusable d-inline-flex p-2 m-1" href="#content">Skip to main content</a>
|
|
<a class="visually-hidden-focusable d-none d-md-inline-flex p-2 m-1" href="#bd-docs-nav">Skip to docs navigation</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<header class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark bd-navbar">
|
|
<nav class="container-xxl flex-wrap flex-md-nowrap" aria-label="Main navigation">
|
|
<a class="navbar-brand p-0 me-2" href="/" aria-label="Bootstrap">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="32" class="d-block my-1" viewBox="0 0 118 94" role="img"><title>Bootstrap</title><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M24.509 0c-6.733 0-11.715 5.893-11.492 12.284.214 6.14-.064 14.092-2.066 20.577C8.943 39.365 5.547 43.485 0 44.014v5.972c5.547.529 8.943 4.649 10.951 11.153 2.002 6.485 2.28 14.437 2.066 20.577C12.794 88.106 17.776 94 24.51 94H93.5c6.733 0 11.714-5.893 11.491-12.284-.214-6.14.064-14.092 2.066-20.577 2.009-6.504 5.396-10.624 10.943-11.153v-5.972c-5.547-.529-8.934-4.649-10.943-11.153-2.002-6.484-2.28-14.437-2.066-20.577C105.214 5.894 100.233 0 93.5 0H24.508zM80 57.863C80 66.663 73.436 72 62.543 72H44a2 2 0 01-2-2V24a2 2 0 012-2h18.437c9.083 0 15.044 4.92 15.044 12.474 0 5.302-4.01 10.049-9.119 10.88v.277C75.317 46.394 80 51.21 80 57.863zM60.521 28.34H49.948v14.934h8.905c6.884 0 10.68-2.772 10.68-7.727 0-4.643-3.264-7.207-9.012-7.207zM49.948 49.2v16.458H60.91c7.167 0 10.964-2.876 10.964-8.281 0-5.406-3.903-8.178-11.425-8.178H49.948z" fill="currentColor"/></svg>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#bdNavbar" aria-controls="bdNavbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
|
|
<svg class="bi" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
|
<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2.5 11.5A.5.5 0 0 1 3 11h10a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5zm0-4A.5.5 0 0 1 3 7h10a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5zm0-4A.5.5 0 0 1 3 3h10a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5z"/>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bdNavbar">
|
|
<ul class="navbar-nav flex-row flex-wrap bd-navbar-nav pt-2 py-md-0">
|
|
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto">
|
|
<a class="nav-link p-2" href="/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Bootstrap');">Home</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto">
|
|
<a class="nav-link p-2 active" aria-current="true" href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/introduction/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Docs');">Docs</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto">
|
|
<a class="nav-link p-2" href="/docs/5.0/examples/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Examples');">Examples</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto">
|
|
<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://icons.getbootstrap.com/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Icons');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Icons</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto">
|
|
<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://themes.getbootstrap.com/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Themes');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Themes</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto">
|
|
<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://blog.getbootstrap.com/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Blog');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Blog</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<hr class="d-md-none text-white-50">
|
|
|
|
<ul class="navbar-nav flex-row flex-wrap ms-md-auto">
|
|
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto">
|
|
<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://github.com/twbs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="36" height="36" class="navbar-nav-svg d-inline-block align-text-top" viewBox="0 0 512 499.36" role="img"><title>GitHub</title><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M256 0C114.64 0 0 114.61 0 256c0 113.09 73.34 209 175.08 242.9 12.8 2.35 17.47-5.56 17.47-12.34 0-6.08-.22-22.18-.35-43.54-71.2 15.49-86.2-34.34-86.2-34.34-11.64-29.57-28.42-37.45-28.42-37.45-23.27-15.84 1.73-15.55 1.73-15.55 25.69 1.81 39.21 26.38 39.21 26.38 22.84 39.12 59.92 27.82 74.5 21.27 2.33-16.54 8.94-27.82 16.25-34.22-56.84-6.43-116.6-28.43-116.6-126.49 0-27.95 10-50.8 26.35-68.69-2.63-6.48-11.42-32.5 2.51-67.75 0 0 21.49-6.88 70.4 26.24a242.65 242.65 0 0 1 128.18 0c48.87-33.13 70.33-26.24 70.33-26.24 14 35.25 5.18 61.27 2.55 67.75 16.41 17.9 26.31 40.75 26.31 68.69 0 98.35-59.85 120-116.88 126.32 9.19 7.9 17.38 23.53 17.38 47.41 0 34.22-.31 61.83-.31 70.23 0 6.85 4.61 14.81 17.6 12.31C438.72 464.97 512 369.08 512 256.02 512 114.62 397.37 0 256 0z"/></svg>
|
|
<small class="d-md-none ms-2">GitHub</small>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto">
|
|
<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://twitter.com/getbootstrap" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="36" height="36" class="navbar-nav-svg d-inline-block align-text-top" viewBox="0 0 512 416.32" role="img"><title>Twitter</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M160.83 416.32c193.2 0 298.92-160.22 298.92-298.92 0-4.51 0-9-.2-13.52A214 214 0 0 0 512 49.38a212.93 212.93 0 0 1-60.44 16.6 105.7 105.7 0 0 0 46.3-58.19 209 209 0 0 1-66.79 25.37 105.09 105.09 0 0 0-181.73 71.91 116.12 116.12 0 0 0 2.66 24c-87.28-4.3-164.73-46.3-216.56-109.82A105.48 105.48 0 0 0 68 159.6a106.27 106.27 0 0 1-47.53-13.11v1.43a105.28 105.28 0 0 0 84.21 103.06 105.67 105.67 0 0 1-47.33 1.84 105.06 105.06 0 0 0 98.14 72.94A210.72 210.72 0 0 1 25 370.84a202.17 202.17 0 0 1-25-1.43 298.85 298.85 0 0 0 160.83 46.92"/></svg>
|
|
<small class="d-md-none ms-2">Twitter</small>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto">
|
|
<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://bootstrap-slack.herokuapp.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="36" height="36" class="navbar-nav-svg d-inline-block align-text-top" viewBox="0 0 512 512" role="img"><title>Slack</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M210.787 234.832l68.31-22.883 22.1 65.977-68.309 22.882z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M490.54 185.6C437.7 9.59 361.6-31.34 185.6 21.46S-31.3 150.4 21.46 326.4 150.4 543.3 326.4 490.54 543.34 361.6 490.54 185.6zM401.7 299.8l-33.15 11.05 11.46 34.38c4.5 13.92-2.87 29.06-16.78 33.56-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18l-11.46-34.38-68.36 22.92 11.46 34.38c4.5 13.92-2.87 29.06-16.78 33.56-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18l-11.46-34.43-33.15 11.05c-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18c-4.5-13.92 2.87-29.06 16.78-33.56l33.12-11.03-22.1-65.9-33.15 11.05c-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18c-4.48-13.93 2.89-29.07 16.81-33.58l33.15-11.05-11.46-34.38c-4.5-13.92 2.87-29.06 16.78-33.56s29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78l11.46 34.38 68.36-22.92-11.46-34.38c-4.5-13.92 2.87-29.06 16.78-33.56s29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78l11.47 34.42 33.15-11.05c13.92-4.5 29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78s-2.87 29.06-16.78 33.56L329.7 194.6l22.1 65.9 33.15-11.05c13.92-4.5 29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78s-2.88 29.07-16.81 33.57z"/></svg>
|
|
<small class="d-md-none ms-2">Slack</small>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-md-auto">
|
|
<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://opencollective.com/bootstrap" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="36" height="36" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" class="navbar-nav-svg d-inline-block align-text-top" viewBox="0 0 40 41" role="img"><title>Open Collective</title><path fill-opacity=".4" d="M32.8 21c0 2.4-.8 4.9-2 6.9l5.1 5.1c2.5-3.4 4.1-7.6 4.1-12 0-4.6-1.6-8.8-4-12.2L30.7 14c1.2 2 2 4.3 2 7z"/><path d="M20 33.7a12.8 12.8 0 0 1 0-25.6c2.6 0 5 .7 7 2.1L32 5a20 20 0 1 0 .1 31.9l-5-5.2a13 13 0 0 1-7 2z"/></svg>
|
|
<small class="d-md-none ms-2">Open Collective</small>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<a class="btn btn-bd-download d-lg-inline-block my-2 my-md-0 ms-md-3" href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/download/">Download</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</header>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="bd-subnavbar py-2" aria-label="Secondary navigation">
|
|
<div class="container-xxl d-flex align-items-md-center">
|
|
<form class="bd-search position-relative me-auto">
|
|
<input type="search" class="form-control" id="search-input" placeholder="Search docs..." aria-label="Search docs for..." autocomplete="off" data-bd-docs-version="5.0">
|
|
</form>
|
|
|
|
<div class="dropdown ms-3">
|
|
<button class="btn btn-bd-light dropdown-toggle" id="bd-versions" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-bs-display="static">
|
|
<span class="d-none d-lg-inline">Bootstrap</span> v5.0
|
|
</button>
|
|
<ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-end" aria-labelledby="bd-versions">
|
|
<li><a class="dropdown-item current" aria-current="true" href="/docs/5.0/">Latest (5.0.x)</a></li>
|
|
<li><hr class="dropdown-divider"></li>
|
|
<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.5/">v4.5.x</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/3.4/">v3.4.1</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://getbootstrap.com/2.3.2/">v2.3.2</a></li>
|
|
<li><hr class="dropdown-divider"></li>
|
|
<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="/docs/versions/">All versions</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<button class="btn bd-sidebar-toggle d-md-none py-0 px-1 ms-3 order-3 collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#bd-docs-nav" aria-controls="bd-docs-nav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle docs navigation">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" class="bi bi-expand" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
|
|
<title>Expand</title>
|
|
<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 8a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h13a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-13A.5.5 0 0 1 1 8zM7.646.146a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l2 2a.5.5 0 0 1-.708.708L8.5 1.707V5.5a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0V1.707L6.354 2.854a.5.5 0 1 1-.708-.708l2-2zM8 10a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v3.793l1.146-1.147a.5.5 0 0 1 .708.708l-2 2a.5.5 0 0 1-.708 0l-2-2a.5.5 0 0 1 .708-.708L7.5 14.293V10.5A.5.5 0 0 1 8 10z"/>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" class="bi bi-collapse" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
|
|
<title>Collapse</title>
|
|
<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 8a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h13a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-13A.5.5 0 0 1 1 8zm7-8a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v3.793l1.146-1.147a.5.5 0 0 1 .708.708l-2 2a.5.5 0 0 1-.708 0l-2-2a.5.5 0 1 1 .708-.708L7.5 4.293V.5A.5.5 0 0 1 8 0zm-.5 11.707l-1.146 1.147a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708l2-2a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l2 2a.5.5 0 0 1-.708.708L8.5 11.707V15.5a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0v-3.793z"/>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="container-xxl my-md-4 bd-layout">
|
|
<aside class="bd-sidebar">
|
|
<nav class="collapse bd-links" id="bd-docs-nav" aria-label="Docs navigation"><ul class="list-unstyled mb-0 py-3 pt-md-1">
|
|
|
|
<li class="mb-1">
|
|
<button class="btn d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#getting-started-collapse" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
Getting started
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="collapse" id="getting-started-collapse">
|
|
<ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-1 small">
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/introduction/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Introduction</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/download/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Download</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/contents/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Contents</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/browsers-devices/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Browsers & devices</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/javascript/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">JavaScript</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/build-tools/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Build tools</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/webpack/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Webpack</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/accessibility/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Accessibility</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/rfs/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">RFS</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/rtl/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">RTL</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="mb-1">
|
|
<button class="btn d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#customize-collapse" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
Customize
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="collapse" id="customize-collapse">
|
|
<ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-1 small">
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/customize/overview/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Overview</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/customize/sass/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Sass</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/customize/options/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Options</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/customize/color/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Color</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/customize/components/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Components</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/customize/css-variables/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">CSS variables</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/customize/optimize/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Optimize</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="mb-1">
|
|
<button class="btn d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#layout-collapse" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
Layout
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="collapse" id="layout-collapse">
|
|
<ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-1 small">
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/layout/breakpoints/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Breakpoints</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/layout/containers/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Containers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/layout/grid/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Grid</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/layout/columns/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Columns</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/layout/gutters/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Gutters</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/layout/utilities/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Utilities</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/layout/z-index/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Z-index</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="mb-1">
|
|
<button class="btn d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#content-collapse" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
Content
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="collapse" id="content-collapse">
|
|
<ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-1 small">
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/content/reboot/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Reboot</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/content/typography/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Typography</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/content/images/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Images</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/content/tables/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Tables</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/content/figures/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Figures</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="mb-1">
|
|
<button class="btn d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#forms-collapse" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
Forms
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="collapse" id="forms-collapse">
|
|
<ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-1 small">
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/forms/overview/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Overview</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/forms/form-control/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Form control</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/forms/select/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Select</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/forms/checks-radios/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Checks & radios</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/forms/range/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Range</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/forms/input-group/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Input group</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/forms/floating-labels/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Floating labels</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/forms/layout/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Layout</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/forms/validation/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Validation</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="mb-1">
|
|
<button class="btn d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#components-collapse" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
Components
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="collapse" id="components-collapse">
|
|
<ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-1 small">
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/accordion/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Accordion</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/alerts/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Alerts</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/badge/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Badge</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/breadcrumb/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Breadcrumb</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/buttons/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Buttons</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/button-group/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Button group</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/card/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Card</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/carousel/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Carousel</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/close-button/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Close button</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/collapse/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Collapse</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/dropdowns/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Dropdowns</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/list-group/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">List group</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/modal/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Modal</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/navs-tabs/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Navs & tabs</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/navbar/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Navbar</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/pagination/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Pagination</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/popovers/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Popovers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/progress/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Progress</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/scrollspy/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Scrollspy</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/spinners/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Spinners</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/toasts/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Toasts</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/components/tooltips/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Tooltips</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="mb-1">
|
|
<button class="btn d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#helpers-collapse" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
Helpers
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="collapse" id="helpers-collapse">
|
|
<ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-1 small">
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/helpers/clearfix/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Clearfix</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/helpers/colored-links/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Colored links</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/helpers/ratio/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Ratio</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/helpers/position/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Position</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/helpers/visually-hidden/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Visually hidden</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/helpers/stretched-link/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Stretched link</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/helpers/text-truncation/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Text truncation</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="mb-1">
|
|
<button class="btn d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#utilities-collapse" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
Utilities
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="collapse" id="utilities-collapse">
|
|
<ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-1 small">
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/api/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">API</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/borders/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Borders</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/colors/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Colors</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/display/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Display</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/flex/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Flex</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/float/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Float</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/interactions/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Interactions</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/overflow/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Overflow</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/position/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Position</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/shadows/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Shadows</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/sizing/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Sizing</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/spacing/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Spacing</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/text/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Text</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/vertical-align/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Vertical align</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/visibility/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Visibility</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="mb-1 active">
|
|
<button class="btn d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#extend-collapse" aria-expanded="true" aria-current="true">
|
|
Extend
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="collapse show" id="extend-collapse">
|
|
<ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-1 small">
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/extend/approach/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded active" aria-current="page">Approach</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/extend/icons/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Icons</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="mb-1">
|
|
<button class="btn d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#about-collapse" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
About
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="collapse" id="about-collapse">
|
|
<ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-1 small">
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/about/overview/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Overview</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/about/team/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Team</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/about/brand/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Brand</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/about/license/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">License</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/docs/5.0/about/translations/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Translations</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="my-3 mx-4 border-top"></li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="/docs/5.0/migration/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">
|
|
Migration
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</aside>
|
|
|
|
<main class="bd-main order-1">
|
|
<div class="bd-intro ps-lg-4">
|
|
<div class="d-md-flex flex-md-row-reverse align-items-center justify-content-between">
|
|
<a class="btn btn-sm btn-bd-light mb-2 mb-md-0" href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/site/content/docs/5.0/extend/approach.md" title="View and edit this file on GitHub" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View on GitHub</a>
|
|
<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Approach</h1>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p class="bd-lead">Learn about the guiding principles, strategies, and techniques used to build and maintain Bootstrap so you can more easily customize and extend it yourself.</p>
|
|
<script async src="https://cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?serve=CKYIKKJL&placement=getbootstrapcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="bd-content ps-lg-4">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>While the getting started pages provide an introductory tour of the project and what it offers, this document focuses on <em>why</em> we do the things we do in Bootstrap. It explains our philosophy to building on the web so that others can learn from us, contribute with us, and help us improve.</p>
|
|
<p>See something that doesn’t sound right, or perhaps could be done better? <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/new">Open an issue</a>—we’d love to discuss it with you.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="summary">Summary</h2>
|
|
<p>We’ll dive into each of these more throughout, but at a high level, here’s what guides our approach.</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Components should be responsive and mobile-first</li>
|
|
<li>Components should be built with a base class and extended via modifier classes</li>
|
|
<li>Component states should obey a common z-index scale</li>
|
|
<li>Whenever possible, prefer a HTML and CSS implementation over JavaScript</li>
|
|
<li>Whenever possible, use utilities over custom styles</li>
|
|
<li>Whenever possible, avoid enforcing strict HTML requirements (children selectors)</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="responsive">Responsive</h2>
|
|
<p>Bootstrap’s responsive styles are built to be responsive, an approach that’s often referred to as <em>mobile-first</em>. We use this term in our docs and largely agree with it, but at times it can be too broad. While not every component <em>must</em> be entirely responsive in Bootstrap, this responsive approach is about reducing CSS overrides by pushing you to add styles as the viewport becomes larger.</p>
|
|
<p>Across Bootstrap, you’ll see this most clearly in our media queries. In most cases, we use <code>min-width</code> queries that begin to apply at a specific breakpoint and carry up through the higher breakpoints. For example, a <code>.d-none</code> applies from <code>min-width: 0</code> to infinity. On the other hand, a <code>.d-md-none</code> applies from the medium breakpoint and up.</p>
|
|
<p>At times we’ll use <code>max-width</code> when a component’s inherent complexity requires it. At times, these overrides are functionally and mentally clearer to implement and support than rewriting core functionality from our components. We strive to limit this approach, but will use it from time to time.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="classes">Classes</h2>
|
|
<p>Aside from our Reboot, a cross-browser normalization stylesheet, all our styles aim to use classes as selectors. This means steering clear of type selectors (e.g., <code>input[type="text"]</code>) and extraneous parent classes (e.g., <code>.parent .child</code>) that make styles too specific to easily override.</p>
|
|
<p>As such, components should be built with a base class that houses common, not-to-be overridden property-value pairs. For example, <code>.btn</code> and <code>.btn-primary</code>. We use <code>.btn</code> for all the common styles like <code>display</code>, <code>padding</code>, and <code>border-width</code>. We then use modifiers like <code>.btn-primary</code> to add the color, background-color, border-color, etc.</p>
|
|
<p>Modifier classes should only be used when there are multiple properties or values to be changed across multiple variants. Modifiers are not always necessary, so be sure you’re actually saving lines of code and preventing unnecessary overrides when creating them. Good examples of modifiers are our theme color classes and size variants.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="z-index-scales">z-index scales</h2>
|
|
<p>There are two <code>z-index</code> scales in Bootstrap—elements within a component and overlay components.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="component-elements">Component elements</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Some components in Bootstrap are built with overlapping elements to prevent double borders without modifying the <code>border</code> property. For example, button groups, input groups, and pagination.</li>
|
|
<li>These components share a standard <code>z-index</code> scale of <code>0</code> through <code>3</code>.</li>
|
|
<li><code>0</code> is default (initial), <code>1</code> is <code>:hover</code>, <code>2</code> is <code>:active</code>/<code>.active</code>, and <code>3</code> is <code>:focus</code>.</li>
|
|
<li>This approach matches our expectations of highest user priority. If an element is focused, it’s in view and at the user’s attention. Active elements are second highest because they indicate state. Hover is third highest because it indicates user intent, but nearly <em>anything</em> can be hovered.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="overlay-components">Overlay components</h3>
|
|
<p>Bootstrap includes several components that function as an overlay of some kind. This includes, in order of highest <code>z-index</code>, dropdowns, fixed and sticky navbars, modals, tooltips, and popovers. These components have their own <code>z-index</code> scale that begins at <code>1000</code>. This starting number was chosen arbitrarily and serves as a small buffer between our styles and your project’s custom styles.</p>
|
|
<p>Each overlay component increases its <code>z-index</code> value slightly in such a way that common UI principles allow user focused or hovered elements to remain in view at all times. For example, a modal is document blocking (e.g., you cannot take any other action save for the modal’s action), so we put that above our navbars.</p>
|
|
<p>Learn more about this in our <a href="/docs/5.0/layout/z-index/"><code>z-index</code> layout page</a>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="html-and-css-over-js">HTML and CSS over JS</h2>
|
|
<p>Whenever possible, we prefer to write HTML and CSS over JavaScript. In general, HTML and CSS are more prolific and accessible to more people of all different experience levels. HTML and CSS are also faster in your browser than JavaScript, and your browser generally provides a great deal of functionality for you.</p>
|
|
<p>This principle is our first-class JavaScript API using <code>data</code> attributes. You don’t need to write nearly any JavaScript to use our JavaScript plugins; instead, write HTML. Read more about this in <a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/javascript/#data-attributes">our JavaScript overview page</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>Lastly, our styles build on the fundamental behaviors of common web elements. Whenever possible, we prefer to use what the browser provides. For example, you can put a <code>.btn</code> class on nearly any element, but most elements don’t provide any semantic value or browser functionality. So instead, we use <code><button></code>s and <code><a></code>s.</p>
|
|
<p>The same goes for more complex components. While we <em>could</em> write our own form validation plugin to add classes to a parent element based on an input’s state, thereby allowing us to style the text say red, we prefer using the <code>:valid</code>/<code>:invalid</code> pseudo-elements every browser provides us.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="utilities">Utilities</h2>
|
|
<p>Utility classes—formerly helpers in Bootstrap 3—are a powerful ally in combatting CSS bloat and poor page performance. A utility class is typically a single, immutable property-value pairing expressed as a class (e.g., <code>.d-block</code> represents <code>display: block;</code>). Their primary appeal is speed of use while writing HTML and limiting the amount of custom CSS you have to write.</p>
|
|
<p>Specifically regarding custom CSS, utilities can help combat increasing file size by reducing your most commonly repeated property-value pairs into single classes. This can have a dramatic effect at scale in your projects.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="flexible-html">Flexible HTML</h2>
|
|
<p>While not always possible, we strive to avoid being overly dogmatic in our HTML requirements for components. Thus, we focus on single classes in our CSS selectors and try to avoid immediate children selectors (<code>></code>). This gives you more flexibility in your implementation and helps keep our CSS simpler and less specific.</p>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</main>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<footer class="bd-footer p-3 p-md-5 mt-5 bg-light text-center text-sm-start">
|
|
<div class="container">
|
|
<ul class="bd-footer-links ps-0 mb-3">
|
|
<li class="d-inline-block"><a href="https://github.com/twbs">GitHub</a></li>
|
|
<li class="d-inline-block ms-3"><a href="https://twitter.com/getbootstrap">Twitter</a></li>
|
|
<li class="d-inline-block ms-3"><a href="/docs/5.0/examples/">Examples</a></li>
|
|
<li class="d-inline-block ms-3"><a href="/docs/5.0/about/overview/">About</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p class="mb-0">Designed and built with all the love in the world by the <a href="/docs/5.0/about/team/">Bootstrap team</a> with the help of <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/graphs/contributors">our contributors</a>.</p>
|
|
<p class="mb-0">Currently v5.0.0-beta1. Code licensed <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE" target="_blank" rel="license noopener">MIT</a>, docs <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" target="_blank" rel="license noopener">CC BY 3.0</a>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</footer>
|
|
|
|
<script src="/docs/5.0/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha384-ygbV9kiqUc6oa4msXn9868pTtWMgiQaeYH7/t7LECLbyPA2x65Kgf80OJFdroafW" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
<script src="/docs/5.0/assets/js/docs.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|