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392 lines
26 KiB
HTML
392 lines
26 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
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<meta name="description" content="Bootstrap includes a wide range of shorthand responsive margin and padding utility classes to modify an element’s appearance.">
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<meta name="author" content="Mark Otto, Jacob Thornton, and Bootstrap contributors">
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<meta name="generator" content="Hugo 0.80.0">
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<meta name="docsearch:language" content="en">
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<meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.6">
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<title>Spacing · Bootstrap v4.6</title>
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.6/utilities/spacing/">
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Spacing">
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<meta property="og:title" content="Spacing">
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<body>
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<a class="nav-link" href="/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Bootstrap');">Home</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="https://icons.getbootstrap.com/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Icons');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Icons</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="https://themes.getbootstrap.com/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Themes');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Themes</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="https://expo.getbootstrap.com/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Expo');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Expo</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="https://blog.getbootstrap.com/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Blog');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Blog</a>
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<a class="nav-item nav-link dropdown-toggle mr-md-2" href="#" id="bd-versions" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
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v4.6
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<a class="dropdown-item active" href="/docs/4.6/">Latest (4.6.x)</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/3.4/">v3.4.1</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="/docs/versions/">All versions</a>
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<a class="nav-link pl-2 pr-1 mx-1 py-3 my-n2" href="https://github.com/twbs" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="GitHub">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="navbar-nav-svg" viewBox="0 0 512 499.36" role="img" focusable="false"><title>GitHub</title><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M256 0C114.64 0 0 114.61 0 256c0 113.09 73.34 209 175.08 242.9 12.8 2.35 17.47-5.56 17.47-12.34 0-6.08-.22-22.18-.35-43.54-71.2 15.49-86.2-34.34-86.2-34.34-11.64-29.57-28.42-37.45-28.42-37.45-23.27-15.84 1.73-15.55 1.73-15.55 25.69 1.81 39.21 26.38 39.21 26.38 22.84 39.12 59.92 27.82 74.5 21.27 2.33-16.54 8.94-27.82 16.25-34.22-56.84-6.43-116.6-28.43-116.6-126.49 0-27.95 10-50.8 26.35-68.69-2.63-6.48-11.42-32.5 2.51-67.75 0 0 21.49-6.88 70.4 26.24a242.65 242.65 0 0 1 128.18 0c48.87-33.13 70.33-26.24 70.33-26.24 14 35.25 5.18 61.27 2.55 67.75 16.41 17.9 26.31 40.75 26.31 68.69 0 98.35-59.85 120-116.88 126.32 9.19 7.9 17.38 23.53 17.38 47.41 0 34.22-.31 61.83-.31 70.23 0 6.85 4.61 14.81 17.6 12.31C438.72 464.97 512 369.08 512 256.02 512 114.62 397.37 0 256 0z"/></svg>
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<a class="nav-link px-1 mx-1 py-3 my-n2" href="https://twitter.com/getbootstrap" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Twitter">
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<a class="nav-link px-1 mx-1 py-3 my-n2" href="https://bootstrap-slack.herokuapp.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Slack">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="navbar-nav-svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Slack</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M210.787 234.832l68.31-22.883 22.1 65.977-68.309 22.882z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M490.54 185.6C437.7 9.59 361.6-31.34 185.6 21.46S-31.3 150.4 21.46 326.4 150.4 543.3 326.4 490.54 543.34 361.6 490.54 185.6zM401.7 299.8l-33.15 11.05 11.46 34.38c4.5 13.92-2.87 29.06-16.78 33.56-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18l-11.46-34.38-68.36 22.92 11.46 34.38c4.5 13.92-2.87 29.06-16.78 33.56-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18l-11.46-34.43-33.15 11.05c-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18c-4.5-13.92 2.87-29.06 16.78-33.56l33.12-11.03-22.1-65.9-33.15 11.05c-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18c-4.48-13.93 2.89-29.07 16.81-33.58l33.15-11.05-11.46-34.38c-4.5-13.92 2.87-29.06 16.78-33.56s29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78l11.46 34.38 68.36-22.92-11.46-34.38c-4.5-13.92 2.87-29.06 16.78-33.56s29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78l11.47 34.42 33.15-11.05c13.92-4.5 29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78s-2.87 29.06-16.78 33.56L329.7 194.6l22.1 65.9 33.15-11.05c13.92-4.5 29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78s-2.88 29.07-16.81 33.57z"/></svg>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link px-1 mx-1 py-3 my-n2" href="https://opencollective.com/bootstrap/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Collective">
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</ul>
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<a class="btn btn-bd-download d-none d-lg-inline-block mb-3 mb-md-0 ml-md-3" href="/docs/4.6/getting-started/download/">Download</a>
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</header>
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<div class="container-fluid">
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<div class="row flex-xl-nowrap">
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<div class="col-md-3 col-xl-2 bd-sidebar">
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<form role="search" class="bd-search d-flex align-items-center">
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<input type="search" class="form-control" id="search-input" placeholder="Search..." aria-label="Search for..." autocomplete="off" data-docs-version="4.6">
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<button class="btn bd-search-docs-toggle d-md-none p-0 ml-3" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bd-docs-nav" aria-controls="bd-docs-nav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle docs navigation">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" role="img" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"/></svg>
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</button>
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</form>
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<div class="collapse d-md-block row" id="bd-docs-nav">
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<nav class="bd-links" aria-label="Main navigation">
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<div class="bd-toc-item">
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.6/getting-started/introduction/">
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Getting started
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</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bd-toc-item">
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.6/layout/overview/">
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Layout
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</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bd-toc-item">
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.6/content/reboot/">
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Content
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</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bd-toc-item">
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.6/components/alerts/">
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Components
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</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bd-toc-item active">
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.6/utilities/borders/">
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Utilities
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</a>
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<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/borders/">Borders</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/clearfix/">Clearfix</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/close-icon/">Close icon</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/colors/">Colors</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/display/">Display</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/embed/">Embed</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/flex/">Flex</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/float/">Float</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/image-replacement/">Image replacement</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/interactions/">Interactions</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/overflow/">Overflow</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/position/">Position</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/screen-readers/">Screen readers</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/shadows/">Shadows</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/sizing/">Sizing</a>
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</li>
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<li class="active bd-sidenav-active">
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/spacing/">Spacing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/stretched-link/">Stretched link</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/text/">Text</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/vertical-align/">Vertical align</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/visibility/">Visibility</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="bd-toc-item">
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.6/extend/approach/">
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Extend
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</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bd-toc-item">
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.6/migration/">
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Migration
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</a>
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</div>
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<div class="bd-toc-item">
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.6/about/overview/">
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About
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</a>
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</div>
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</nav>
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</div>
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<nav class="d-none d-xl-block col-xl-2 bd-toc" aria-label="Secondary navigation">
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<nav id="TableOfContents">
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#how-it-works">How it works</a></li>
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<li><a href="#notation">Notation</a></li>
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<li><a href="#examples">Examples</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#horizontal-centering">Horizontal centering</a></li>
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<li><a href="#negative-margin">Negative margin</a></li>
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</ul>
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</ul>
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<main class="col-md-9 col-xl-8 py-md-3 pl-md-5 bd-content" role="main">
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<a class="btn btn-sm btn-bd-light my-2 my-md-0" href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/v4-dev/site/content/docs/4.6/utilities/spacing.md" title="View and edit this file on GitHub" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View on GitHub</a>
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<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Spacing</h1>
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</div>
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<p class="bd-lead">Bootstrap includes a wide range of shorthand responsive margin and padding utility classes to modify an element’s appearance.</p>
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<script async src="https://cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?serve=CKYIKKJL&placement=getbootstrapcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script>
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<h2 id="how-it-works">How it works</h2>
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<p>Assign responsive-friendly <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> values to an element or a subset of its sides with shorthand classes. Includes support for individual properties, all properties, and vertical and horizontal properties. Classes are built from a default Sass map ranging from <code>.25rem</code> to <code>3rem</code>.</p>
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<h2 id="notation">Notation</h2>
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<p>Spacing utilities that apply to all breakpoints, from <code>xs</code> to <code>xl</code>, have no breakpoint abbreviation in them. This is because those classes are applied from <code>min-width: 0</code> and up, and thus are not bound by a media query. The remaining breakpoints, however, do include a breakpoint abbreviation.</p>
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<p>The classes are named using the format <code>{property}{sides}-{size}</code> for <code>xs</code> and <code>{property}{sides}-{breakpoint}-{size}</code> for <code>sm</code>, <code>md</code>, <code>lg</code>, and <code>xl</code>.</p>
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<p>Where <em>property</em> is one of:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>m</code> - for classes that set <code>margin</code></li>
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<li><code>p</code> - for classes that set <code>padding</code></li>
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</ul>
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<p>Where <em>sides</em> is one of:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>t</code> - for classes that set <code>margin-top</code> or <code>padding-top</code></li>
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<li><code>b</code> - for classes that set <code>margin-bottom</code> or <code>padding-bottom</code></li>
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<li><code>l</code> - for classes that set <code>margin-left</code> or <code>padding-left</code></li>
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<li><code>r</code> - for classes that set <code>margin-right</code> or <code>padding-right</code></li>
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<li><code>x</code> - for classes that set both <code>*-left</code> and <code>*-right</code></li>
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<li><code>y</code> - for classes that set both <code>*-top</code> and <code>*-bottom</code></li>
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<li>blank - for classes that set a <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> on all 4 sides of the element</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Where <em>size</em> is one of:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>0</code> - for classes that eliminate the <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> by setting it to <code>0</code></li>
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<li><code>1</code> - (by default) for classes that set the <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> to <code>$spacer * .25</code></li>
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<li><code>2</code> - (by default) for classes that set the <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> to <code>$spacer * .5</code></li>
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<li><code>3</code> - (by default) for classes that set the <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> to <code>$spacer</code></li>
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<li><code>4</code> - (by default) for classes that set the <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> to <code>$spacer * 1.5</code></li>
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<li><code>5</code> - (by default) for classes that set the <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> to <code>$spacer * 3</code></li>
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<li><code>auto</code> - for classes that set the <code>margin</code> to auto</li>
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</ul>
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<p>(You can add more sizes by adding entries to the <code>$spacers</code> Sass map variable.)</p>
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<h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
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<p>Here are some representative examples of these classes:</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="nc">.mt-0</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nt">margin-top</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="nt">0</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nt">important</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="nc">.ml-1</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nt">margin-left</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="nt">spacer</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nc">.25</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nt">important</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="nc">.px-2</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nt">padding-left</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="nt">spacer</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nc">.5</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nt">important</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="nt">padding-right</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="err">$</span><span class="nt">spacer</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nc">.5</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nt">important</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="nc">.p-3</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nt">padding</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="err">$</span><span class="nt">spacer</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nt">important</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div><h3 id="horizontal-centering">Horizontal centering</h3>
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<p>Additionally, Bootstrap also includes an <code>.mx-auto</code> class for horizontally centering fixed-width block level content—that is, content that has <code>display: block</code> and a <code>width</code> set—by setting the horizontal margins to <code>auto</code>.</p>
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<div class="bd-example">
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<div class="mx-auto" style="width: 200px; background-color: rgba(86,61,124,.15);">
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Centered element
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"mx-auto"</span> <span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"width: 200px;"</span><span class="p">></span>
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Centered element
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<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
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</code></pre></div><h3 id="negative-margin">Negative margin</h3>
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<p>In CSS, <code>margin</code> properties can utilize negative values (<code>padding</code> cannot). As of 4.2, we’ve added negative margin utilities for every non-zero integer size listed above (e.g., <code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>3</code>, <code>4</code>, <code>5</code>). These utilities are ideal for customizing grid column gutters across breakpoints.</p>
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<p>The syntax is nearly the same as the default, positive margin utilities, but with the addition of <code>n</code> before the requested size. Here’s an example class that’s the opposite of <code>.mt-1</code>:</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="nc">.mt-n1</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nt">margin-top</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="nt">-0</span><span class="nc">.25rem</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nt">important</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div><p>Here’s an example of customizing the Bootstrap grid at the medium (<code>md</code>) breakpoint and above. We’ve increased the <code>.col</code> padding with <code>.px-md-5</code> and then counteracted that with <code>.mx-md-n5</code> on the parent <code>.row</code>.</p>
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<div class="bd-example">
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<div class="row mx-md-n5">
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<div class="col px-md-5"><div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div></div>
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<div class="col px-md-5"><div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div></div>
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</div>
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</div><div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"row mx-md-n5"</span><span class="p">></span>
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<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"col px-md-5"</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"p-3 border bg-light"</span><span class="p">></span>Custom column padding<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
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<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"col px-md-5"</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"p-3 border bg-light"</span><span class="p">></span>Custom column padding<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
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<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span></code></pre></div>
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