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230 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
230 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: docs
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title: JavaScript
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description: Bring Bootstrap to life with our optional JavaScript plugins. Learn about each plugin, our data and programmatic API options, and more.
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group: getting-started
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toc: true
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---
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## Individual or compiled
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Plugins can be included individually (using Bootstrap's individual `js/dist/*.js`), or all at once using `bootstrap.js` or the minified `bootstrap.min.js` (don't include both).
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If you use a bundler (Webpack, Rollup...), you can use `/js/dist/*.js` files which are UMD ready.
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## Using Bootstrap as a module
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We provide a version of Bootstrap built as `ESM` (`bootstrap.esm.js` and `bootstrap.esm.min.js`) which allows you to use Bootstrap as a module in your browser, if your [targeted browsers support it](https://caniuse.com/#feat=es6-module).
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{{< highlight html >}}
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<script type="module">
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import { Toast } from 'bootstrap.esm.min.js'
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Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.toast'))
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.forEach(toastNode => new Toast(toastNode))
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</script>
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{{< /highlight >}}
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{{< callout warning >}}
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## Incompatible plugins
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Due to browser limitations, some of our plugins, namely Dropdown, Tooltip and Popover plugins, cannot be used in a `<script>` tag with `module` type because they depend on Popper.js. For more information about the issue see [here](https://v8.dev/features/modules#specifiers).
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{{< /callout >}}
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## Dependencies
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Some plugins and CSS components depend on other plugins. If you include plugins individually, make sure to check for these dependencies in the docs.
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Our dropdowns, popovers and tooltips also depend on [Popper.js](https://popper.js.org/).
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## Still want to use jQuery? It's possible!
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Bootstrap 5 is designed to be used without jQuery, but it's still possible to use our components with jQuery. **If Bootstrap detects `jQuery` in the `window` object** it'll add all of our components in jQuery's plugin system; this means you'll be able to do `$('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip()` to enable tooltips. The same goes for our other components.
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## Data attributes
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Nearly all Bootstrap plugins can be enabled and configured through HTML alone with data attributes (our preferred way of using JavaScript functionality). Be sure to **only use one set of data attributes on a single element** (e.g., you cannot trigger a tooltip and modal from the same button.)
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{{< callout warning >}}
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## Selectors
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Currently to query DOM elements we use the native methods `querySelector` and `querySelectorAll` for performance reasons, so you have to use [valid selectors](https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#value-def-identifier).
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If you use special selectors, for example: `collapse:Example` be sure to escape them.
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{{< /callout >}}
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## Events
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Bootstrap provides custom events for most plugins' unique actions. Generally, these come in an infinitive and past participle form - where the infinitive (ex. `show`) is triggered at the start of an event, and its past participle form (ex. `shown`) is triggered on the completion of an action.
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All infinitive events provide [`preventDefault()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Event/preventDefault) functionality. This provides the ability to stop the execution of an action before it starts. Returning false from an event handler will also automatically call `preventDefault()`.
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{{< highlight js >}}
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var myModal = document.getElementById('myModal')
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myModal.addEventListener('show.bs.modal', function (e) {
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if (!data) {
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return e.preventDefault() // stops modal from being shown
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}
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})
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{{< /highlight >}}
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{{< callout warning >}}
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## jQuery events
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Bootstrap will detect jQuery if `jQuery` is present in the `window` object and there is no `data-no-jquery` attribute set on `<body>`. If jQuery is found, Bootstrap will emit events thanks to jQuery's event system. So if you want to listen to Bootstrap's events, you'll have to use the jQuery methods (`.on`, `.one`) instead of `addEventListener`.
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{{< highlight js >}}
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$('#myTab a').on('shown.bs.tab', function () {
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// do something...
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})
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{{< /highlight >}}
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{{< /callout >}}
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## Programmatic API
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All constructors accept an optional options object or nothing (which initiates a plugin with its default behavior):
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{{< highlight js >}}
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var myModalEl = document.getElementById('myModal')
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var modal = new bootstrap.Modal(myModalEl) // initialized with defaults
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var modal = new bootstrap.Modal(myModalEl, { keyboard: false }) // initialized with no keyboard
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{{< /highlight >}}
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If you'd like to get a particular plugin instance, each plugin exposes a `getInstance` method. In order to retrieve it directly from an element, do this: `bootstrap.Popover.getInstance(myPopoverEl)`.
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### Asynchronous functions and transitions
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All programmatic API methods are **asynchronous** and return to the caller once the transition is started but **before it ends**.
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In order to execute an action once the transition is complete, you can listen to the corresponding event.
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{{< highlight js >}}
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var myCollapseEl = document.getElementById('#myCollapse')
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myCollapseEl.addEventListener('shown.bs.collapse', function (e) {
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// Action to execute once the collapsible area is expanded
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})
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{{< /highlight >}}
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In addition a method call on a **transitioning component will be ignored**.
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{{< highlight js >}}
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var myCarouselEl = document.getElementById('myCarousel')
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var carousel = bootstrap.Carousel.getInstance(myCarouselEl) // Retrieve a Carousel instance
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myCarouselEl.addEventListener('slid.bs.carousel', function (e) {
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carousel.to('2') // Will slide to the slide 2 as soon as the transition to slide 1 is finished
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})
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carousel.to('1') // Will start sliding to the slide 1 and returns to the caller
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carousel.to('2') // !! Will be ignored, as the transition to the slide 1 is not finished !!
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{{< /highlight >}}
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### Default settings
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You can change the default settings for a plugin by modifying the plugin's `Constructor.Default` object:
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{{< highlight js >}}
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// changes default for the modal plugin's `keyboard` option to false
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bootstrap.Modal.Default.keyboard = false
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{{< /highlight >}}
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## No conflict (only if you use jQuery)
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Sometimes it is necessary to use Bootstrap plugins with other UI frameworks. In these circumstances, namespace collisions can occasionally occur. If this happens, you may call `.noConflict` on the plugin you wish to revert the value of.
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{{< highlight js >}}
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var bootstrapButton = $.fn.button.noConflict() // return $.fn.button to previously assigned value
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$.fn.bootstrapBtn = bootstrapButton // give $().bootstrapBtn the Bootstrap functionality
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{{< /highlight >}}
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## Version numbers
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The version of each of Bootstrap's plugins can be accessed via the `VERSION` property of the plugin's constructor. For example, for the tooltip plugin:
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{{< highlight js >}}
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bootstrap.Tooltip.VERSION // => "{{< param current_version >}}"
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{{< /highlight >}}
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## No special fallbacks when JavaScript is disabled
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Bootstrap's plugins don't fall back particularly gracefully when JavaScript is disabled. If you care about the user experience in this case, use [`<noscript>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/noscript) to explain the situation (and how to re-enable JavaScript) to your users, and/or add your own custom fallbacks.
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{{< callout warning >}}
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##### Third-party libraries
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**Bootstrap does not officially support third-party JavaScript libraries** like Prototype or jQuery UI. Despite `.noConflict` and namespaced events, there may be compatibility problems that you need to fix on your own.
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{{< /callout >}}
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## Sanitizer
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Tooltips and Popovers use our built-in sanitizer to sanitize options which accept HTML.
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The default `whiteList` value is the following:
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{{< highlight js >}}
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var ARIA_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN = /^aria-[\w-]*$/i
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var DefaultWhitelist = {
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// Global attributes allowed on any supplied element below.
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'*': ['class', 'dir', 'id', 'lang', 'role', ARIA_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN],
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a: ['target', 'href', 'title', 'rel'],
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area: [],
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b: [],
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br: [],
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col: [],
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code: [],
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div: [],
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em: [],
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hr: [],
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h1: [],
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h2: [],
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h3: [],
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h4: [],
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h5: [],
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h6: [],
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i: [],
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img: ['src', 'alt', 'title', 'width', 'height'],
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li: [],
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ol: [],
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p: [],
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pre: [],
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s: [],
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small: [],
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span: [],
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sub: [],
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sup: [],
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strong: [],
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u: [],
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ul: []
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}
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{{< /highlight >}}
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If you want to add new values to this default `whiteList` you can do the following:
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{{< highlight js >}}
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var myDefaultWhiteList = bootstrap.Tooltip.Default.whiteList
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// To allow table elements
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myDefaultWhiteList.table = []
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// To allow td elements and data-option attributes on td elements
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myDefaultWhiteList.td = ['data-option']
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// You can push your custom regex to validate your attributes.
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// Be careful about your regular expressions being too lax
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var myCustomRegex = /^data-my-app-[\w-]+/
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myDefaultWhiteList['*'].push(myCustomRegex)
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{{< /highlight >}}
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If you want to bypass our sanitizer because you prefer to use a dedicated library, for example [DOMPurify](https://www.npmjs.com/package/dompurify), you should do the following:
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{{< highlight js >}}
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var yourTooltipEl = document.getElementById('yourTooltip')
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var tooltip = new bootstrap.Tooltip(yourTooltipEl, {
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sanitizeFn: function (content) {
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return DOMPurify.sanitize(content)
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}
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})
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{{< /highlight >}}
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