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479 lines
38 KiB
HTML
479 lines
38 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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<meta name="description" content="A brief overview of Bootstrap’s features and limitations for the creation of accessible content.">
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<meta name="author" content="Mark Otto, Jacob Thornton, and Bootstrap contributors">
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<meta name="generator" content="Hugo 0.79.0">
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<meta name="docsearch:language" content="en">
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<meta name="docsearch:version" content="5.0">
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<title>Accessibility · Bootstrap v5.0</title>
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.0/getting-started/accessibility/">
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<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
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<link href="/docs/5.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-giJF6kkoqNQ00vy+HMDP7azOuL0xtbfIcaT9wjKHr8RbDVddVHyTfAAsrekwKmP1" crossorigin="anonymous">
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Accessibility">
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="A brief overview of Bootstrap’s features and limitations for the creation of accessible content.">
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<meta property="og:title" content="Accessibility">
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<meta property="og:description" content="A brief overview of Bootstrap’s features and limitations for the creation of accessible content.">
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window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date;
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ga('create', 'UA-146052-10', 'getbootstrap.com');
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<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://icons.getbootstrap.com/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Icons');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Icons</a>
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<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://themes.getbootstrap.com/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Themes');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Themes</a>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="36" height="36" class="navbar-nav-svg d-inline-block align-text-top" viewBox="0 0 512 499.36" role="img"><title>GitHub</title><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M256 0C114.64 0 0 114.61 0 256c0 113.09 73.34 209 175.08 242.9 12.8 2.35 17.47-5.56 17.47-12.34 0-6.08-.22-22.18-.35-43.54-71.2 15.49-86.2-34.34-86.2-34.34-11.64-29.57-28.42-37.45-28.42-37.45-23.27-15.84 1.73-15.55 1.73-15.55 25.69 1.81 39.21 26.38 39.21 26.38 22.84 39.12 59.92 27.82 74.5 21.27 2.33-16.54 8.94-27.82 16.25-34.22-56.84-6.43-116.6-28.43-116.6-126.49 0-27.95 10-50.8 26.35-68.69-2.63-6.48-11.42-32.5 2.51-67.75 0 0 21.49-6.88 70.4 26.24a242.65 242.65 0 0 1 128.18 0c48.87-33.13 70.33-26.24 70.33-26.24 14 35.25 5.18 61.27 2.55 67.75 16.41 17.9 26.31 40.75 26.31 68.69 0 98.35-59.85 120-116.88 126.32 9.19 7.9 17.38 23.53 17.38 47.41 0 34.22-.31 61.83-.31 70.23 0 6.85 4.61 14.81 17.6 12.31C438.72 464.97 512 369.08 512 256.02 512 114.62 397.37 0 256 0z"/></svg>
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<small class="d-md-none ms-2">GitHub</small>
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<small class="d-md-none ms-2">Twitter</small>
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<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://bootstrap-slack.herokuapp.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="36" height="36" class="navbar-nav-svg d-inline-block align-text-top" viewBox="0 0 512 512" role="img"><title>Slack</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M210.787 234.832l68.31-22.883 22.1 65.977-68.309 22.882z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M490.54 185.6C437.7 9.59 361.6-31.34 185.6 21.46S-31.3 150.4 21.46 326.4 150.4 543.3 326.4 490.54 543.34 361.6 490.54 185.6zM401.7 299.8l-33.15 11.05 11.46 34.38c4.5 13.92-2.87 29.06-16.78 33.56-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18l-11.46-34.38-68.36 22.92 11.46 34.38c4.5 13.92-2.87 29.06-16.78 33.56-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18l-11.46-34.43-33.15 11.05c-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18c-4.5-13.92 2.87-29.06 16.78-33.56l33.12-11.03-22.1-65.9-33.15 11.05c-2.87.82-6.14 1.64-9 1.23a27.32 27.32 0 0 1-24.56-18c-4.48-13.93 2.89-29.07 16.81-33.58l33.15-11.05-11.46-34.38c-4.5-13.92 2.87-29.06 16.78-33.56s29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78l11.46 34.38 68.36-22.92-11.46-34.38c-4.5-13.92 2.87-29.06 16.78-33.56s29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78l11.47 34.42 33.15-11.05c13.92-4.5 29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78s-2.87 29.06-16.78 33.56L329.7 194.6l22.1 65.9 33.15-11.05c13.92-4.5 29.06 2.87 33.56 16.78s-2.88 29.07-16.81 33.57z"/></svg>
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<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://opencollective.com/bootstrap" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
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<small class="d-md-none ms-2">Open Collective</small>
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<a class="btn btn-bd-download d-lg-inline-block my-2 my-md-0 ms-md-3" href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/download/">Download</a>
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<nav class="bd-subnavbar py-2" aria-label="Secondary navigation">
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<span class="d-none d-lg-inline">Bootstrap</span> v5.0
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<ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-end" aria-labelledby="bd-versions">
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<li><a class="dropdown-item current" aria-current="true" href="/docs/5.0/">Latest (5.0.x)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.5/">v4.5.x</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://getbootstrap.com/2.3.2/">v2.3.2</a></li>
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<button class="btn bd-sidebar-toggle d-md-none py-0 px-1 ms-3 order-3 collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#bd-docs-nav" aria-controls="bd-docs-nav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle docs navigation">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" class="bi bi-expand" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
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<title>Expand</title>
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<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 8a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h13a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-13A.5.5 0 0 1 1 8zM7.646.146a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l2 2a.5.5 0 0 1-.708.708L8.5 1.707V5.5a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0V1.707L6.354 2.854a.5.5 0 1 1-.708-.708l2-2zM8 10a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v3.793l1.146-1.147a.5.5 0 0 1 .708.708l-2 2a.5.5 0 0 1-.708 0l-2-2a.5.5 0 0 1 .708-.708L7.5 14.293V10.5A.5.5 0 0 1 8 10z"/>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" class="bi bi-collapse" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
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<title>Collapse</title>
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<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 8a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h13a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-13A.5.5 0 0 1 1 8zm7-8a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v3.793l1.146-1.147a.5.5 0 0 1 .708.708l-2 2a.5.5 0 0 1-.708 0l-2-2a.5.5 0 1 1 .708-.708L7.5 4.293V.5A.5.5 0 0 1 8 0zm-.5 11.707l-1.146 1.147a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708l2-2a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l2 2a.5.5 0 0 1-.708.708L8.5 11.707V15.5a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0v-3.793z"/>
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</nav>
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<div class="container-xxl my-md-4 bd-layout">
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<aside class="bd-sidebar">
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<nav class="collapse bd-links" id="bd-docs-nav" aria-label="Docs navigation"><ul class="list-unstyled mb-0 py-3 pt-md-1">
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<li class="mb-1 active">
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<button class="btn d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#getting-started-collapse" aria-expanded="true" aria-current="true">
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Getting started
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<div class="collapse show" id="getting-started-collapse">
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<ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-1 small">
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/introduction/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Introduction</a></li>
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/download/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Download</a></li>
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/contents/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Contents</a></li>
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/browsers-devices/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Browsers & devices</a></li>
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/javascript/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">JavaScript</a></li>
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/build-tools/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Build tools</a></li>
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/webpack/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Webpack</a></li>
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/accessibility/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded active" aria-current="page">Accessibility</a></li>
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/rfs/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">RFS</a></li>
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/rtl/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">RTL</a></li>
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<li class="mb-1">
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<button class="btn d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#customize-collapse" aria-expanded="false">
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Customize
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<div class="collapse" id="customize-collapse">
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<ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-1 small">
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/customize/overview/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Overview</a></li>
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/customize/sass/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Sass</a></li>
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/customize/options/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Options</a></li>
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/customize/color/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Color</a></li>
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/customize/components/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">Components</a></li>
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<li><a href="/docs/5.0/customize/css-variables/" class="d-inline-flex align-items-center rounded">CSS variables</a></li>
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<a class="btn btn-sm btn-bd-light mb-2 mb-md-0" href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/site/content/docs/5.0/getting-started/accessibility.md" title="View and edit this file on GitHub" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View on GitHub</a>
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<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Accessibility</h1>
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</div>
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<p class="bd-lead">A brief overview of Bootstrap’s features and limitations for the creation of accessible content.</p>
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<script async src="https://cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?serve=CKYIKKJL&placement=getbootstrapcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script>
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<div class="bd-toc mt-4 mb-5 my-md-0 ps-xl-3 mb-lg-5 text-muted">
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<strong class="d-block h6 my-2 pb-2 border-bottom">On this page</strong>
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<li><a href="#overview-and-limitations">Overview and limitations</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#structural-markup">Structural markup</a></li>
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<li><a href="#interactive-components">Interactive components</a></li>
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<li><a href="#color-contrast">Color contrast</a></li>
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<li><a href="#visually-hidden-content">Visually hidden content</a></li>
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<li><a href="#reduced-motion">Reduced motion</a></li>
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<p>Bootstrap provides an easy-to-use framework of ready-made styles, layout tools, and interactive components, allowing developers to create websites and applications that are visually appealing, functionally rich, and accessible out of the box.</p>
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<h2 id="overview-and-limitations">Overview and limitations</h2>
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<p>The overall accessibility of any project built with Bootstrap depends in large part on the author’s markup, additional styling, and scripting they’ve included. However, provided that these have been implemented correctly, it should be perfectly possible to create websites and applications with Bootstrap that fulfill <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/"><abbr title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">WCAG</abbr> 2.1</a> (A/AA/AAA), <a href="https://www.section508.gov/">Section 508</a>, and similar accessibility standards and requirements.</p>
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<h3 id="structural-markup">Structural markup</h3>
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<p>Bootstrap’s styling and layout can be applied to a wide range of markup structures. This documentation aims to provide developers with best practice examples to demonstrate the use of Bootstrap itself and illustrate appropriate semantic markup, including ways in which potential accessibility concerns can be addressed.</p>
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<h3 id="interactive-components">Interactive components</h3>
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<p>Bootstrap’s interactive components—such as modal dialogs, dropdown menus, and custom tooltips—are designed to work for touch, mouse, and keyboard users. Through the use of relevant <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/aria/"><abbr title="Web Accessibility Initiative">WAI</abbr>-<abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">ARIA</abbr></a> roles and attributes, these components should also be understandable and operable using assistive technologies (such as screen readers).</p>
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<p>Because Bootstrap’s components are purposely designed to be fairly generic, authors may need to include further <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">ARIA</abbr> roles and attributes, as well as JavaScript behavior, to more accurately convey the precise nature and functionality of their component. This is usually noted in the documentation.</p>
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<h3 id="color-contrast">Color contrast</h3>
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<p>Some combinations of colors that currently make up Bootstrap’s default palette—used throughout the framework for things such as button variations, alert variations, form validation indicators—may lead to <em>insufficient</em> color contrast (below the recommended <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/#contrast-minimum">WCAG 2.1 text color contrast ratio of 4.5:1</a> and the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/#non-text-contrast">WCAG 2.1 non-text color contrast ratio of 3:1</a>), particularly when used against a light background. Authors are encouraged to test their specific uses of color and, where necessary, manually modify/extend these default colors to ensure adequate color contrast ratios.</p>
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<h3 id="visually-hidden-content">Visually hidden content</h3>
|
|
<p>Content which should be visually hidden, but remain accessible to assistive technologies such as screen readers, can be styled using the <code>.visually-hidden</code> class. This can be useful in situations where additional visual information or cues (such as meaning denoted through the use of color) need to also be conveyed to non-visual users.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">p</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"text-danger"</span><span class="p">></span>
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|
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">span</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"visually-hidden"</span><span class="p">></span>Danger: <span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">></span>
|
|
This action is not reversible
|
|
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">></span>
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>For visually hidden interactive controls, such as traditional “skip” links, use the <code>.visually-hidden-focusable</code> class. This will ensure that the control becomes visible once focused (for sighted keyboard users). <strong>Watch out, compared to the equivalent <code>.sr-only</code> and <code>.sr-only-focusable</code> classes in past versions, Bootstrap 5’s <code>.visually-hidden-focusable</code> is a standalone class, and must not be used in combination with the <code>.visually-hidden</code> class.</strong></p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">a</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"visually-hidden-focusable"</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"#content"</span><span class="p">></span>Skip to main content<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">a</span><span class="p">></span>
|
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</code></pre></div><h3 id="reduced-motion">Reduced motion</h3>
|
|
<p>Bootstrap includes support for the <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/mediaqueries-5/#prefers-reduced-motion"><code>prefers-reduced-motion</code> media feature</a>. In browsers/environments that allow the user to specify their preference for reduced motion, most CSS transition effects in Bootstrap (for instance, when a modal dialog is opened or closed, or the sliding animation in carousels) will be disabled, and meaningful animations (such as spinners) will be slowed down.</p>
|
|
<p>On browsers that support <code>prefers-reduced-motion</code>, and where the user has <em>not</em> explicitly signaled that they’d prefer reduced motion (i.e. where <code>prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference</code>), Bootstrap enables smooth scrolling using the <code>scroll-behavior</code> property.</p>
|
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<h2 id="additional-resources">Additional resources</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.a11yproject.com/">The A11Y Project</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility">MDN accessibility documentation</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://tenon.io/">Tenon.io Accessibility Checker</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://developer.paciellogroup.com/resources/contrastanalyser/">Color Contrast Analyser (CCA)</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://github.com/squizlabs/HTML_CodeSniffer">“HTML Codesniffer” bookmarklet for identifying accessibility issues</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://accessibilityinsights.io/">Microsoft Accessibility Insights</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.deque.com/axe/">Deque Axe testing tools</a></li>
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</ul>
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<li class="d-inline-block ms-3"><a href="/docs/5.0/about/overview/">About</a></li>
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<p class="mb-0">Designed and built with all the love in the world by the <a href="/docs/5.0/about/team/">Bootstrap team</a> with the help of <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/graphs/contributors">our contributors</a>.</p>
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<p class="mb-0">Currently v5.0.0-beta1. Code licensed <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE" target="_blank" rel="license noopener">MIT</a>, docs <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" target="_blank" rel="license noopener">CC BY 3.0</a>.</p>
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<script src="/docs/5.0/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha384-ygbV9kiqUc6oa4msXn9868pTtWMgiQaeYH7/t7LECLbyPA2x65Kgf80OJFdroafW" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
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<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.js"></script>
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<script src="/docs/5.0/assets/js/docs.min.js"></script>
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</body>
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</html>
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