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212 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
212 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: docs
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title: JavaScript
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description: Bring Bootstrap to life with our optional JavaScript plugins built on jQuery. Learn about each plugin, our data and programmatic API options, and more.
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group: getting-started
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toc: true
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---
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## Individual or compiled
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Plugins can be included individually (using Bootstrap's individual `js/dist/*.js`), or all at once using `bootstrap.js` or the minified `bootstrap.min.js` (don't include both).
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If you use a bundler (Webpack, Rollup...), you can use `/js/dist/*.js` files which are UMD ready.
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## Dependencies
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Some plugins and CSS components depend on other plugins. If you include plugins individually, make sure to check for these dependencies in the docs. Also note that **all plugins depend on jQuery** (this means jQuery must be included **before** the plugin files). [Consult our `package.json`]({{ site.repo }}/blob/v{{ site.current_version }}/package.json) to see which versions of jQuery are supported.
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Our dropdowns, popovers and tooltips also depend on [Popper.js](https://popper.js.org/).
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## Data attributes
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Nearly all Bootstrap plugins can be enabled and configured through HTML alone with data attributes (our preferred way of using JavaScript functionality). Be sure to **only use one set of data attributes on a single element** (e.g., you cannot trigger a tooltip and modal from the same button.)
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However, in some situations it may be desirable to disable this functionality. To disable the data attribute API, unbind all events on the document namespaced with `data-api` like so:
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{% highlight js %}
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$(document).off('.data-api')
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{% endhighlight %}
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Alternatively, to target a specific plugin, just include the plugin's name as a namespace along with the data-api namespace like this:
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{% highlight js %}
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$(document).off('.alert.data-api')
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{% endhighlight %}
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{% capture callout %}
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## Selectors
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Currently to query DOM elements we use the native methods `querySelector` and `querySelectorAll` for performance reasons, so you have to use [valid selectors](https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#value-def-identifier).
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If you use special selectors, for example: `collapse:Example` be sure to escape them.
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{% endcapture %}
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{% include callout.html content=callout type="warning" %}
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## Events
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Bootstrap provides custom events for most plugins' unique actions. Generally, these come in an infinitive and past participle form - where the infinitive (ex. `show`) is triggered at the start of an event, and its past participle form (ex. `shown`) is triggered on the completion of an action.
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All infinitive events provide [`preventDefault()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Event/preventDefault) functionality. This provides the ability to stop the execution of an action before it starts. Returning false from an event handler will also automatically call `preventDefault()`.
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{% highlight js %}
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$('#myModal').on('show.bs.modal', function (e) {
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if (!data) {
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return e.preventDefault() // stops modal from being shown
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}
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})
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{% endhighlight %}
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## Programmatic API
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We also believe you should be able to use all Bootstrap plugins purely through the JavaScript API. All public APIs are single, chainable methods, and return the collection acted upon.
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{% highlight js %}
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$('.btn.danger').button('toggle').addClass('fat')
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{% endhighlight %}
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All methods should accept an optional options object, a string which targets a particular method, or nothing (which initiates a plugin with default behavior):
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{% highlight js %}
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$('#myModal').modal() // initialized with defaults
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$('#myModal').modal({ keyboard: false }) // initialized with no keyboard
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$('#myModal').modal('show') // initializes and invokes show immediately
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{% endhighlight %}
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Each plugin also exposes its raw constructor on a `Constructor` property: `$.fn.popover.Constructor`. If you'd like to get a particular plugin instance, retrieve it directly from an element: `$('[rel="popover"]').data('popover')`.
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### Asynchronous functions and transitions
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All programmatic API methods are **asynchronous** and return to the caller once the transition is started but **before it ends**.
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In order to execute an action once the transition is complete, you can listen to the corresponding event.
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{% highlight js %}
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$('#myCollapse').on('shown.bs.collapse', function (e) {
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// Action to execute once the collapsible area is expanded
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})
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{% endhighlight %}
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In addition a method call on a **transitioning component will be ignored**.
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{% highlight js %}
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$('#myCarousel').on('slid.bs.carousel', function (e) {
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$('#myCarousel').carousel('2') // Will slide to the slide 2 as soon as the transition to slide 1 is finished
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})
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$('#myCarousel').carousel('1') // Will start sliding to the slide 1 and returns to the caller
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$('#myCarousel').carousel('2') // !! Will be ignored, as the transition to the slide 1 is not finished !!
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{% endhighlight %}
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### Default settings
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You can change the default settings for a plugin by modifying the plugin's `Constructor.Default` object:
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{% highlight js %}
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// changes default for the modal plugin's `keyboard` option to false
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$.fn.modal.Constructor.Default.keyboard = false
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{% endhighlight %}
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## No conflict
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Sometimes it is necessary to use Bootstrap plugins with other UI frameworks. In these circumstances, namespace collisions can occasionally occur. If this happens, you may call `.noConflict` on the plugin you wish to revert the value of.
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{% highlight js %}
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var bootstrapButton = $.fn.button.noConflict() // return $.fn.button to previously assigned value
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$.fn.bootstrapBtn = bootstrapButton // give $().bootstrapBtn the Bootstrap functionality
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{% endhighlight %}
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## Version numbers
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The version of each of Bootstrap's jQuery plugins can be accessed via the `VERSION` property of the plugin's constructor. For example, for the tooltip plugin:
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{% highlight js %}
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$.fn.tooltip.Constructor.VERSION // => "{{ site.current_version }}"
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{% endhighlight %}
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## No special fallbacks when JavaScript is disabled
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Bootstrap's plugins don't fall back particularly gracefully when JavaScript is disabled. If you care about the user experience in this case, use [`<noscript>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/noscript) to explain the situation (and how to re-enable JavaScript) to your users, and/or add your own custom fallbacks.
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{% capture callout %}
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##### Third-party libraries
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**Bootstrap does not officially support third-party JavaScript libraries** like Prototype or jQuery UI. Despite `.noConflict` and namespaced events, there may be compatibility problems that you need to fix on your own.
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{% endcapture %}
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{% include callout.html content=callout type="warning" %}
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## Util
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All Bootstrap's JavaScript files depend on `util.js` and it has to be included alongside the other JavaScript files. If you're using the compiled (or minified) `bootstrap.js`, there is no need to include this—it's already there.
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`util.js` includes utility functions and a basic helper for `transitionEnd` events as well as a CSS transition emulator. It's used by the other plugins to check for CSS transition support and to catch hanging transitions.
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## Sanitizer
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Tooltips and Popovers use our built-in sanitizer to sanitize options which accept HTML.
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The default `whiteList` value is the following:
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{% highlight js %}
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var ARIA_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN = /^aria-[\w-]*$/i
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var DefaultWhitelist = {
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// Global attributes allowed on any supplied element below.
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'*': ['class', 'dir', 'id', 'lang', 'role', ARIA_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN],
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a: ['target', 'href', 'title', 'rel'],
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area: [],
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b: [],
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br: [],
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col: [],
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code: [],
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div: [],
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em: [],
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hr: [],
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h1: [],
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h2: [],
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h3: [],
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h4: [],
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h5: [],
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h6: [],
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i: [],
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img: ['src', 'srcset', 'alt', 'title', 'width', 'height'],
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li: [],
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ol: [],
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p: [],
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pre: [],
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s: [],
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small: [],
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span: [],
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sub: [],
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sup: [],
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strong: [],
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u: [],
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ul: []
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}
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{% endhighlight %}
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If you want to add new values to this default `whiteList` you can do the following:
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{% highlight js %}
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var myDefaultWhiteList = $.fn.tooltip.Constructor.Default.whiteList
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// To allow table elements
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myDefaultWhiteList.table = []
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// To allow td elements and data-option attributes on td elements
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myDefaultWhiteList.td = ['data-option']
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// You can push your custom regex to validate your attributes.
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// Be careful about your regular expressions being too lax
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var myCustomRegex = /^data-my-app-[\w-]+/
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myDefaultWhiteList['*'].push(myCustomRegex)
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{% endhighlight %}
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If you want to bypass our sanitizer because you prefer to use a dedicated library, for example [DOMPurify](https://www.npmjs.com/package/dompurify), you should do the following:
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{% highlight js %}
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$('#yourTooltip').tooltip({
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sanitizeFn: function (content) {
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return DOMPurify.sanitize(content)
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}
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})
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{% endhighlight %}
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