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OP-943 Add Malloc for "FastHeap" (ccsram)

- Use a separate mallocs for thread stack and RTOS structures heap
- Add a pios_mem API to be able to use fast ram (CCM) when available
This commit is contained in:
Alessio Morale 2014-06-11 15:13:29 +02:00
parent 07d2e27276
commit d8f08a7916
7 changed files with 302 additions and 174 deletions

View File

@ -108,6 +108,10 @@ typedef unsigned long UBaseType_t;
#define portTICK_PERIOD_MS ( ( TickType_t ) 1000 / configTICK_RATE_HZ )
#define portBYTE_ALIGNMENT 8
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
// Following define allow to use a different malloc to allocate thread stack
extern void *pvPortMallocStack(size_t s);
#define pvPortMallocAligned( x, puxStackBuffer ) ( ( ( puxStackBuffer ) == NULL ) ? ( pvPortMallocStack( x ) ) : ( puxStackBuffer ) )
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Scheduler utilities. */

View File

@ -138,71 +138,10 @@
})
/*
* The heap consists of ranges (free or allocated) separated and
* bounded by markers.
*
* For maximum space efficiency, the default is to use 4-byte
* 'compact' markers, which limits the heap to a maxium of 128KiB.
* For larger heaps define HEAP_SUPPORT_LARGE, which doubles markers
* to 8 bytes each, but allows heaps up to 2^^33 bytes in size.
*
* Each marker contains two structures, one describing the previous
* region and one describing the next. Thus, markers form a
* doubly-linked list chaining each region together.
*
* Each region is described by two identical structures, providing
* a measure of referential integrity that can be used to detect
* overflows out of the region without the use of separate magic
* numbers.
*
* The region descriptor size includes the size of the marker at its
* head. This means that zero is not a legal marker value.
*
* Free regions are always coalesced, and a pointer is kept to the
* most recently-created free region to accelerate allocation in the
* common case where a large number of free objects are allocated
* early.
*
* The heap is bounded by markers pointing to zero-sized allocated
* ranges, so they can never be merged.
*/
#ifdef HEAP_SUPPORT_LARGE
struct region_descriptor {
uint32_t size:31; /* size of the region (including marker) in multiples of the marker size */
uint32_t free:1; /* if nonzero, region is free */
};
static const uint32_t max_free = 0x7fffffff;
#else /* !HEAP_SUPPORT_LARGE */
struct region_descriptor {
uint16_t size:15; /* size of the region (including marker) in multiples of the marker size */
uint16_t free:1; /* if nonzero, region is free */
};
static const uint32_t max_free = 0x7fff;
#endif /* HEAP_SUPPORT_LARGE */
/**
* The marker placed between regions.
*
* Allocations are aligned and rounded to the size of this structure.
*/
struct marker {
struct region_descriptor prev;
struct region_descriptor next;
};
typedef struct marker *marker_t;
static const uintptr_t marker_size = sizeof(struct marker);
/* heap boundaries */
static marker_t heap_base;
static marker_t heap_limit;
static uint32_t heap_free;
static marker_t free_hint; /* likely free region, or heap_base if no free region hint */
/* rounding macros for powers of 2 */
#define round_down(_val, _boundary) ((_val) & ~(_boundary - 1))
@ -211,56 +150,56 @@ static marker_t free_hint; /* likely free region, or heap_base if no fr
/* default panic handler */
void msheap_panic(const char *reason) __attribute__((weak, noreturn));
static int region_check(marker_t marker);
static void split_region(marker_t marker, uint32_t size);
static int region_check(heap_handle_t *heap, marker_t marker);
static void split_region(heap_handle_t *heap, marker_t marker, uint32_t size);
static void merge_region(marker_t marker);
/**
* Initialise the heap.
* Initialise the heap->
*
* @param base The lower boundary of the heap.
* @param limit The upper boundary of the heap.
* @param base The lower boundary of the heap->
* @param limit The upper boundary of the heap->
*/
void
msheap_init(void *base, void *limit)
msheap_init(heap_handle_t *heap, void *base, void *limit)
{
heap_base = (marker_t)round_up((uintptr_t)base, marker_size);
heap_limit = (marker_t)round_down((uintptr_t)limit, marker_size) - 1;
heap->heap_base = (marker_t)round_up((uintptr_t)base, marker_size);
heap->heap_limit = (marker_t)round_down((uintptr_t)limit, marker_size) - 1;
ASSERT(3, heap_base); /* must not be NULL */
ASSERT(3, heap_limit); /* must not be NULL */
ASSERT(3, heap_limit > heap_base); /* limit must be above base */
ASSERT(3, heap->heap_base); /* must not be NULL */
ASSERT(3, heap->heap_limit); /* must not be NULL */
ASSERT(3, heap->heap_limit > heap->heap_base); /* limit must be above base */
/* Initial size of the free region (includes the heap_base marker) */
heap_free = heap_limit - heap_base;
ASSERT(0, heap_free <= max_free); /* heap must not be too large */
ASSERT(3, heap_free > 1); /* heap must be at least 1 marker in size */
heap->heap_free = heap->heap_limit - heap->heap_base;
ASSERT(0, heap->heap_free <= max_free); /* heap must not be too large */
ASSERT(3, heap->heap_free > 1); /* heap must be at least 1 marker in size */
/*
* Initialise the base and limit markers.
*/
heap_base->prev.size = 0;
heap_base->prev.free = 0;
heap_base->next.size = heap_free;
heap_base->next.free = 1;
heap_limit->prev.size = heap_free;
heap_limit->prev.free = 1;
heap_limit->next.size = 0;
heap_limit->next.free = 0;
heap->heap_base->prev.size = 0;
heap->heap_base->prev.free = 0;
heap->heap_base->next.size = heap->heap_free;
heap->heap_base->next.free = 1;
heap->heap_limit->prev.size = heap->heap_free;
heap->heap_limit->prev.free = 1;
heap->heap_limit->next.size = 0;
heap->heap_limit->next.free = 0;
free_hint = heap_base; /* a good place to start ... */
heap->free_hint = heap->heap_base; /* a good place to start ... */
region_check(heap_base);
region_check(heap_limit);
region_check(heap, heap->heap_base);
region_check(heap, heap->heap_limit);
}
void *
msheap_alloc(uint32_t size)
msheap_alloc(heap_handle_t *heap, uint32_t size)
{
marker_t cursor;
marker_t best;
ASSERT(3, msheap_check());
ASSERT(3, msheap_check(heap));
/* convert the passed-in size to the number of marker-size units we need to allocate */
size += marker_size;
@ -268,16 +207,16 @@ msheap_alloc(uint32_t size)
size /= marker_size;
/* cannot possibly satisfy this allocation */
if (size > heap_free)
if (size > heap->heap_free)
return 0;
/* simple single-pass best-fit search */
restart:
cursor = free_hint;
cursor = heap->free_hint;
best = 0;
while (cursor != heap_limit) {
while (cursor != heap->heap_limit) {
ASSERT(1, region_check(cursor));
ASSERT(1, region_check(heap, cursor));
/* if the region is free and large enough */
if ((cursor->next.free) && (cursor->next.size >= size)) {
@ -295,8 +234,8 @@ restart:
* If we were working from the hint and found nothing, reset
* the hint and try again
*/
if (free_hint != heap_base) {
free_hint = heap_base;
if (heap->free_hint != heap->heap_base) {
heap->free_hint = heap->heap_base;
goto restart;
}
@ -305,24 +244,24 @@ restart:
}
/* split the free region to make space */
split_region(best, size);
split_region(heap, best, size);
/* update free space counter */
heap_free -= size;
heap->heap_free -= size;
traceMALLOC( (void *)(best + 1), size );
/* and return a pointer to the allocated region */
return (void *)(best + 1);
}
void
msheap_free(void *ptr)
msheap_free(heap_handle_t *heap, void *ptr)
{
marker_t marker;
marker = (marker_t)ptr - 1;
ASSERT(0, region_check(marker));
ASSERT(3, msheap_check());
ASSERT(0, region_check(heap, marker));
ASSERT(3, msheap_check(heap));
/* this region is free, mark it accordingly */
marker->next.free = 1;
@ -331,7 +270,7 @@ msheap_free(void *ptr)
traceFREE( ptr, marker->next.size );
/* account for space we are freeing */
heap_free += marker->next.size;
heap->heap_free += marker->next.size;
/* possibly merge this region and the following */
merge_region(marker);
@ -344,60 +283,60 @@ msheap_free(void *ptr)
/*
* Marker now points to the new free region, so update
* the free hint if this has opened space earlier in the heap.
* the free hint if this has opened space earlier in the heap->
*/
if (marker < free_hint)
free_hint = marker;
if (marker < heap->free_hint)
heap->free_hint = marker;
}
int
msheap_check(void)
msheap_check(heap_handle_t *heap)
{
marker_t cursor;
uint32_t free_space = 0;
cursor = heap_base; /* start at the base of the heap */
cursor = heap->heap_base; /* start at the base of the heap */
for (;;) {
if (ASSERT_TEST(2, region_check(cursor))) /* check the current region */
if (ASSERT_TEST(2, region_check(heap, cursor))) /* check the current region */
return 0;
if (cursor->next.free) /* if the region is free */
free_space += cursor->next.size; /* count it as free space */
if (cursor == heap_limit) /* if this was the last region, stop */
if (cursor == heap->heap_limit) /* if this was the last region, stop */
break;
cursor += cursor->next.size; /* next region */
}
if (ASSERT_TEST(2, region_check(free_hint)))
if (ASSERT_TEST(2, region_check(heap, heap->free_hint)))
return 0;
if (ASSERT_TEST(2, free_space == heap_free))
if (ASSERT_TEST(2, free_space == heap->heap_free))
return 0;
return 1;
}
void
msheap_walk(void (* callback)(void *ptr, uint32_t size, int free))
msheap_walk(heap_handle_t *heap, void (* callback)(void *ptr, uint32_t size, int free))
{
marker_t cursor;
cursor = heap_base;
cursor = heap->heap_base;
for (;;) {
callback(cursor + 1, cursor->next.size * marker_size, cursor->next.free);
if (cursor == heap_limit)
if (cursor == heap->heap_limit)
break;
cursor += cursor->next.size;
}
}
uint32_t
msheap_free_space(void)
msheap_free_space(heap_handle_t *heap)
{
return heap_free * marker_size;
return heap->heap_free * marker_size;
}
void
msheap_extend(uint32_t size)
msheap_extend(heap_handle_t *heap, uint32_t size)
{
marker_t new_free;
@ -411,10 +350,10 @@ msheap_extend(uint32_t size)
* the heap limit, or we can turn the heap limit marker
* into the marker for a free region.
*/
if (heap_limit->prev.free) {
new_free = heap_limit - heap_limit->prev.size;
if (heap->heap_limit->prev.free) {
new_free = heap->heap_limit - heap->heap_limit->prev.size;
} else {
new_free = heap_limit;
new_free = heap->heap_limit;
}
/* update new free region */
@ -422,13 +361,13 @@ msheap_extend(uint32_t size)
new_free->next.free = 1;
/* new end marker */
heap_limit = new_free + new_free->next.size;
heap_limit->prev.size = new_free->next.size;
heap_limit->prev.free = 1;
heap_limit->next.size = 0;
heap_limit->next.free = 0;
heap->heap_limit = new_free + new_free->next.size;
heap->heap_limit->prev.size = new_free->next.size;
heap->heap_limit->prev.free = 1;
heap->heap_limit->next.size = 0;
heap->heap_limit->next.free = 0;
ASSERT(3, msheap_check());
ASSERT(3, msheap_check(heap));
}
/**
@ -456,14 +395,14 @@ msheap_panic(__attribute__((unused)) const char *reason)
* @return 0 if the region fails checking, 1 otherwise.
*/
static int
region_check(marker_t marker)
region_check(heap_handle_t *heap, marker_t marker)
{
marker_t other;
if (ASSERT_TEST(2, marker) | /* not NULL */
ASSERT_TEST(2, !((uintptr_t)marker % marker_size)) | /* properly aligned */
ASSERT_TEST(2, marker >= heap_base) | /* within the heap */
ASSERT_TEST(2, marker <= heap_limit))
ASSERT_TEST(2, marker >= heap->heap_base) | /* within the heap */
ASSERT_TEST(2, marker <= heap->heap_limit))
return 0;
/* validate link to next marker & return link from that marker */
@ -471,12 +410,12 @@ region_check(marker_t marker)
other = marker + marker->next.size;
if (ASSERT_TEST(2, other > marker) | /* must be after */
ASSERT_TEST(2, other <= heap_limit) | /* must be inside the heap */
ASSERT_TEST(2, other <= heap->heap_limit) | /* must be inside the heap */
ASSERT_TEST(2, marker->next.size == other->prev.size) | /* sizes must match */
ASSERT_TEST(2, marker->next.free == other->prev.free)) /* free state must match */
return 0;
} else {
if (ASSERT_TEST(2, marker == heap_limit)) /* or it's the end of the heap */
if (ASSERT_TEST(2, marker == heap->heap_limit)) /* or it's the end of the heap */
return 0;
}
@ -485,12 +424,12 @@ region_check(marker_t marker)
other = marker - marker->prev.size;
if (ASSERT_TEST(2, other < marker) | /* must be before */
ASSERT_TEST(2, other >= heap_base) | /* must be inside the heap */
ASSERT_TEST(2, other >= heap->heap_base) | /* must be inside the heap */
ASSERT_TEST(2, marker->prev.size == other->next.size) | /* sizes must match */
ASSERT_TEST(2, marker->prev.free == other->next.free)) /* free state must match */
return 0;
} else {
if (ASSERT_TEST(2, marker == heap_base)) /* or it's the end of the heap */
if (ASSERT_TEST(2, marker == heap->heap_base)) /* or it's the end of the heap */
return 0;
}
@ -508,7 +447,7 @@ region_check(marker_t marker)
* @param size Size of the portion to be allocated.
*/
static void
split_region(marker_t marker, uint32_t size)
split_region(heap_handle_t *heap, marker_t marker, uint32_t size)
{
marker_t split, tail;
@ -519,7 +458,7 @@ split_region(marker_t marker, uint32_t size)
ASSERT(3, size); /* split result must be at least one marker in size */
tail = marker + marker->next.size;
ASSERT(1, region_check(tail)); /* validate the following region */
ASSERT(1, region_check(heap, tail)); /* validate the following region */
/*
* The split marker is at the end of the allocated region; it may actually
@ -542,25 +481,25 @@ split_region(marker_t marker, uint32_t size)
* Update the allocation speedup hint to
* point to the new free region if we just used it.
*/
if (free_hint == marker)
free_hint = split;
if (heap->free_hint == marker)
heap->free_hint = split;
} else {
/*
* If we just allocated all of what the free hint
* pointed to, reset it to the base of the heap.
* pointed to, reset it to the base of the heap->
*/
if (free_hint == marker)
free_hint = heap_base;
if (heap->free_hint == marker)
heap->free_hint = heap->heap_base;
}
/* and update the allocated region */
marker->next.size = size;
marker->next.free = 0;
ASSERT(3, region_check(marker));
ASSERT(3, region_check(split));
ASSERT(3, region_check(tail));
ASSERT(3, region_check(heap, marker));
ASSERT(3, region_check(heap, split));
ASSERT(3, region_check(heap, tail));
}
/**

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@ -36,27 +36,94 @@
#include <stdint.h>
/*
* The heap consists of ranges (free or allocated) separated and
* bounded by markers.
*
* For maximum space efficiency, the default is to use 4-byte
* 'compact' markers, which limits the heap to a maxium of 128KiB.
* For larger heaps define HEAP_SUPPORT_LARGE, which doubles markers
* to 8 bytes each, but allows heaps up to 2^^33 bytes in size.
*
* Each marker contains two structures, one describing the previous
* region and one describing the next. Thus, markers form a
* doubly-linked list chaining each region together.
*
* Each region is described by two identical structures, providing
* a measure of referential integrity that can be used to detect
* overflows out of the region without the use of separate magic
* numbers.
*
* The region descriptor size includes the size of the marker at its
* head. This means that zero is not a legal marker value.
*
* Free regions are always coalesced, and a pointer is kept to the
* most recently-created free region to accelerate allocation in the
* common case where a large number of free objects are allocated
* early.
*
* The heap is bounded by markers pointing to zero-sized allocated
* ranges, so they can never be merged.
*/
#ifdef HEAP_SUPPORT_LARGE
struct region_descriptor {
uint32_t size:31; /* size of the region (including marker) in multiples of the marker size */
uint32_t free:1; /* if nonzero, region is free */
};
static const uint32_t max_free = 0x7fffffff;
#else /* !HEAP_SUPPORT_LARGE */
struct region_descriptor {
uint16_t size:15; /* size of the region (including marker) in multiples of the marker size */
uint16_t free:1; /* if nonzero, region is free */
};
static const uint32_t max_free = 0x7fff;
#endif /* HEAP_SUPPORT_LARGE */
/**
* The marker placed between regions.
*
* Allocations are aligned and rounded to the size of this structure.
*/
struct marker {
struct region_descriptor prev;
struct region_descriptor next;
};
typedef struct marker *marker_t;
/* heap handle (boundaries) */
typedef struct {
marker_t heap_base;
marker_t heap_limit;
uint32_t heap_free;
marker_t free_hint; /* likely free region, or heap_base if no free region hint */
} heap_handle_t;
/**
* Initialise the heap.
*
* @param base The lower boundary of the heap.
* @param limit The upper boundary of the heap.
*/
extern void msheap_init(void *base, void *limit);
extern void msheap_init(heap_handle_t *heap, void *base, void *limit);
/**
* Allocate memory from the heap.
*
* @param size The number of bytes required (more may be allocated).
*/
extern void *msheap_alloc(uint32_t size);
extern void *msheap_alloc(heap_handle_t *heap, uint32_t size);
/**
* Free memory back to the heap.
*
* @param ptr Pointer being freed to the heap.
*/
extern void msheap_free(void *ptr);
extern void msheap_free(heap_handle_t *heap, void *ptr);
/**
* Validate the heap.
@ -64,7 +131,7 @@ extern void msheap_free(void *ptr);
* @return Zero if the heap integrity checks pass, nonzero
* otherwise.
*/
extern int msheap_check(void);
extern int msheap_check(heap_handle_t *heap);
/**
* Walk the heap.
@ -74,18 +141,18 @@ extern int msheap_check(void);
* the free region address, size is the region size
* in bytes and free is nonzero if the region is free.
*/
extern void msheap_walk(void (* callback)(void *ptr, uint32_t size, int free));
extern void msheap_walk(heap_handle_t *heap, void (* callback)(void *ptr, uint32_t size, int free));
/**
* Return the amount of free space in the heap.
*
* @return The total number of bytes available for allocation.
*/
extern uint32_t msheap_free_space(void);
extern uint32_t msheap_free_space(heap_handle_t *heap);
/**
* Extend the heap.
*
* @param size The size of the extension in bytes.
*/
extern void msheap_extend(uint32_t size);
extern void msheap_extend(heap_handle_t *heap, uint32_t size);

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@ -41,6 +41,15 @@
extern char _sheap;
extern char _eheap;
#ifdef PIOS_TARGET_PROVIDES_FAST_HEAP
extern char _sfastheap;
extern char _efastheap;
#define IS_FAST_HEAP_POINTER(x) (((void *)&_sfastheap < (void *)(x)) && ((void *)&_efastheap > (void *)(x)))
#else
#define IS_FAST_HEAP_POINTER(x) (false)
#endif
#if defined(PIOS_INCLUDE_FREERTOS)
/*
* Defining MPU_WRAPPERS_INCLUDED_FROM_API_FILE prevents task.h from redefining
@ -52,62 +61,85 @@ extern char _eheap;
# include "task.h"
#undef MPU_WRAPPERS_INCLUDED_FROM_API_FILE
heap_handle_t sram_heap;
#if PIOS_TARGET_PROVIDES_FAST_HEAP
heap_handle_t fast_heap;
#else
#define fast_heap sram_heap
#endif
/*
* Optional callback for allocation failures.
*/
extern void vApplicationMallocFailedHook(void) __attribute__((weak));
void *
pvPortMalloc(size_t s)
pios_general_malloc(size_t s, bool use_fast_heap)
{
void *p;
vPortEnterCritical();
p = msheap_alloc(s);
if(use_fast_heap){
p = msheap_alloc(&fast_heap, s);
} else {
p = msheap_alloc(&sram_heap, s);
}
vPortExitCritical();
if (p == NULL && &vApplicationMallocFailedHook != NULL)
if (p == NULL && &vApplicationMallocFailedHook != NULL) {
vApplicationMallocFailedHook();
}
return p;
}
void *
pvPortMalloc(size_t s)
{
return pios_general_malloc(s, true);
}
void *
pvPortMallocStack(size_t s)
{
return pios_general_malloc(s, false);
}
void
vPortFree(void *p)
{
vPortEnterCritical();
msheap_free(p);
if(IS_FAST_HEAP_POINTER(p)){
msheap_free(&fast_heap, p);
} else {
msheap_free(&sram_heap, p);
}
vPortExitCritical();
}
size_t
xPortGetFreeHeapSize(void)
{
return msheap_free_space();
#ifdef PIOS_TARGET_PROVIDES_FAST_HEAP
return msheap_free_space(&sram_heap) + msheap_free_space(&fast_heap);
#else
return msheap_free_space(&sram_heap);
#endif
}
void
vPortInitialiseBlocks(void)
{
msheap_init(&_sheap, &_eheap);
msheap_init(&sram_heap, &_sheap, &_eheap);
#if PIOS_TARGET_PROVIDES_FAST_HEAP
msheap_init(&fast_heap, &_sfastheap, &_efastheap);
#endif
}
void
xPortIncreaseHeapSize(size_t bytes)
{
msheap_extend(bytes);
}
void *
malloc(size_t size)
{
return pvPortMalloc(size);
}
void
free(void *p)
{
return vPortFree(p);
msheap_extend(&sram_heap, bytes);
}
#else /* !PIOS_INCLUDE_FREERTOS */
@ -118,17 +150,17 @@ malloc(size_t size)
// static
if (!heap_init_done) {
msheap_init(&_sheap, &_eheap);
msheap_init(sram_heap, &_sheap, &_eheap);
heap_init_done = 1;
}
return msheap_alloc(size);
return msheap_alloc(sram_heap, size);
}
void
free(void *p)
{
return msheap_free(p);
return msheap_free(sram_heap, p);
}
#endif /* PIOS_INCLUDE_FREERTOS */

View File

@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
/**
******************************************************************************
*
* @file pios_mem.h
* @author The OpenPilot Team, http://www.openpilot.org Copyright (C) 2014.
* @addtogroup PiOS
* @{
* @addtogroup PiOS
* @{
* @brief PiOS memory allocation API
*****************************************************************************/
/*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
* WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
* or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
* with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
* 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
#ifndef PIOS_MEM_H
#define PIOS_MEM_H
#ifdef PIOS_TARGET_PROVIDES_FAST_HEAP
// relies on pios_general_malloc to perform the allocation (i.e. pios_msheap.c)
extern void *pios_general_malloc(size_t size);
inline void *pios_fastheapmalloc(size_t size)
{
return pios_general_malloc(size, true);
}
inline void *pios_malloc(size_t size)
{
return pios_general_malloc(size, false);
}
inline void *pios_free(void *p)
{
return vPortFree(p);
}
#else
// demand to pvPortMalloc implementation
inline void *pios_fastheapmalloc(size_t size)
{
return pvPortMalloc(size);
}
inline void *pios_malloc(size_t size)
{
return pvPortMalloc(size);
}
inline void *pios_free(void *p)
{
vPortFree(p);
}
#endif
#endif /* PIOS_MEM_H */

View File

@ -81,9 +81,10 @@
#include "queue.h"
#include "semphr.h"
#endif
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <pios_mem.h>
#include <pios_architecture.h>
#ifdef PIOS_INCLUDE_TASK_MONITOR

View File

@ -139,7 +139,24 @@ SECTIONS
*(.fast)
_efast = . ;
} > CCSRAM
.fastheap (NOLOAD) :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
_sfastheap = . ;
/*
* This allows us to declare an object or objects up to the minimum acceptable
* heap size and receive a linker error if the space available for the heap is
* not sufficient.
*/
*(.fastheap)
/* extend the fastheap up to the top of CCSRAM */
. = ORIGIN(CCSRAM) + LENGTH(CCSRAM) - ABSOLUTE(_sfastheap);
_efastheap = .;
} > CCSRAM
/* Stabs debugging sections. */
.stab 0 : { *(.stab) }
.stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) }