Fundamental HTML elements styled and enhanced with extensible classes.
Get the lowdown on the key pieces of Bootstrap's infrastructure, including our approach to better, faster, stronger web development.
Bootstrap makes use of certain HTML elements and CSS properties that require the use of the HTML5 doctype. Include it at the beginning of all your projects.
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> ... </html>
With Bootstrap 2, we added optional mobile friendly styles for key aspects of the framework. With Bootstrap 3, we've rewritten the project to be mobile friendly from the start. Instead of adding on optional mobile styles, they're baked right into the core. In fact, Bootstrap is mobile first. Mobile first styles can be found throughout the entire library instead of in separate files.
To enable proper mobile styles, add the viewport meta tag to your <head>
:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
This meta tag improves rendering of sites on mobile devices and ensures proper touch-based zooming.
Bootstrap sets basic global display, typography, and link styles. Specifically, we:
margin
on the bodybackground-color: white;
on the body
@font-family-base
, @font-size-base
, and @line-height-base
attributes as our typographic base@link-color
and apply link underlines only on :hover
These styles can be found within scaffolding.less.
For improved cross-browser rendering, we use Normalize, a project by Nicolas Gallagher and Jonathan Neal.
All HTML headings, <h1>
through <h6>
are available.
Bootstrap's global default font-size
is 14px, with a line-height
of 20px. This is applied to the <body>
and all paragraphs. In addition, <p>
(paragraphs) receive a bottom margin of half their line-height (10px by default).
Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula.
Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.
Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
<p>...</p>
Make a paragraph stand out by adding .lead
.
Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus dolor auctor. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus.
<p class="lead">...</p>
The typographic scale is based on two LESS variables in variables.less: @font-size-base
and @line-height-base
. The first is the base font-size used throughout and the second is the base line-height. We use those variables and some simple math to create the margins, paddings, and line-heights of all our type and more. Customize them and Bootstrap adapts.
Make use of HTML's default emphasis tags with lightweight styles.
<small>
For de-emphasizing inline or blocks of text, use the small tag.
This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.
<p> <small>This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.</small> </p>
For emphasizing a snippet of text with a heavier font-weight.
The following snippet of text is rendered as bold text.
<strong>rendered as bold text</strong>
For emphasizing a snippet of text with italics.
The following snippet of text is rendered as italicized text.
<em>rendered as italicized text</em>
Feel free to use <b>
and <i>
in HTML5. <b>
is meant to highlight words or phrases without conveying additional importance while <i>
is mostly for voice, technical terms, etc.
Easily realign text to components with text alignment classes.
Left aligned text.
Center aligned text.
Right aligned text.
<p class="text-left">Left aligned text.</p> <p class="text-center">Center aligned text.</p> <p class="text-right">Right aligned text.</p>
Convey meaning through color with a handful of emphasis utility classes.
Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris nibh.
Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.
Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.
<p class="muted">Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris nibh.</p> <p class="text-warning">Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.</p> <p class="text-error">Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.</p> <p class="text-success">Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.</p>
Stylized implementation of HTML's <abbr>
element for abbreviations and acronyms to show the expanded version on hover. Abbreviations with a title
attribute have a light dotted bottom border and a help cursor on hover, providing additional context on hover.
<abbr>
For expanded text on long hover of an abbreviation, include the title
attribute.
An abbreviation of the word attribute is attr.
<abbr title="attribute">attr</abbr>
<abbr class="initialism">
Add .initialism
to an abbreviation for a slightly smaller font-size.
HTML is the best thing since sliced bread.
<abbr title="HyperText Markup Language" class="initialism">HTML</abbr>
Present contact information for the nearest ancestor or the entire body of work.
<address>
Preserve formatting by ending all lines with <br>
.
<address> <strong>Twitter, Inc.</strong><br> 795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600<br> San Francisco, CA 94107<br> <abbr title="Phone">P:</abbr> (123) 456-7890 </address> <address> <strong>Full Name</strong><br> <a href="mailto:#">first.last@example.com</a> </address>
For quoting blocks of content from another source within your document.
Wrap <blockquote>
around any HTML as the quote. For straight quotes we recommend a <p>
.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.
<blockquote> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p> </blockquote>
Style and content changes for simple variations on a standard blockquote.
Add <small>
tag for identifying the source. Wrap the name of the source work in <cite>
.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.
Someone famous in Source Title
<blockquote> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p> <small>Someone famous <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite></small> </blockquote>
Use .pull-right
for a floated, right-aligned blockquote.
<blockquote class="pull-right"> ... </blockquote>
A list of items in which the order does not explicitly matter.
<ul> <li>...</li> </ul>
A list of items in which the order does explicitly matter.
<ol> <li>...</li> </ol>
Remove the default list-style
and left padding on list items (immediate children only).
<ul class="list-unstyled"> <li>...</li> </ul>
Place all list items on a single line with inline-block
and some light padding.
<ul class="list-inline"> <li>...</li> </ul>
A list of terms with their associated descriptions.
<dl> <dt>...</dt> <dd>...</dd> </dl>
Make terms and descriptions in <dl>
line up side-by-side.
<dl class="dl-horizontal"> <dt>...</dt> <dd>...</dd> </dl>
Horizontal description lists will truncate terms that are too long to fit in the left column fix text-overflow
. In narrower viewports, they will change to the default stacked layout.
The default Bootstrap grid system utilizes 12 columns, making for a 940px wide container without responsive features enabled. With the responsive CSS file added, the grid adapts to be 724px and 1170px wide depending on your viewport. Below 767px viewports, the columns become fluid and stack vertically.
For a simple two column layout, create a .row
and add the appropriate number of .span*
columns. As this is a 12-column grid, each .span*
spans a number of those 12 columns, and should always add up to 12 for each row (or the number of columns in the parent).
<div class="row"> <div class="span4">...</div> <div class="span8">...</div> </div>
Given this example, we have .span4
and .span8
, making for 12 total columns and a complete row.
Move columns to the right using .offset*
classes. Each class increases the left margin of a column by a whole column. For example, .offset4
moves .span4
over four columns.
<div class="row"> <div class="span4">...</div> <div class="span4 offset4">...</div> </div>
To nest your content with the default grid, add a new .row
and set of .span*
columns within an existing .span*
column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12.
<div class="row"> <div class="span9"> Level 1: 9 columns <div class="row"> <div class="span6">Level 2: 6 columns</div> <div class="span3">Level 2: 6 columns</div> </div> </div> </div>
Wrap inline snippets of code with <code>
.
<section>
should be wrapped as inline.
For example, <code><section></code> should be wrapped as inline.
Use <pre>
for multiple lines of code. Be sure to escape any angle brackets in the code for proper rendering.
<p>Sample text here...</p>
<pre> <p>Sample text here...</p> </pre>
You may optionally add the .pre-scrollable
class which will set a max-height of 350px and provide a y-axis scrollbar.
For basic styling—light padding and only horizontal dividers—add the base class .table
to any <table>
.
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
3 | Larry | the Bird |
<table class="table"> … </table>
Add any of the following classes to the .table
base class.
.table-striped
Adds zebra-striping to any table row within the <tbody>
via the :nth-child
CSS selector (not available in IE8).
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
3 | Larry | the Bird |
<table class="table table-striped"> … </table>
.table-bordered
Add borders and rounded corners to the table.
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
Mark | Otto | @TwBootstrap | |
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
3 | Larry the Bird |
<table class="table table-bordered"> … </table>
.table-hover
Enable a hover state on table rows within a <tbody>
.
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
3 | Larry the Bird |
<table class="table table-hover"> … </table>
.table-condensed
Makes tables more compact by cutting cell padding in half.
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
3 | Larry the Bird |
<table class="table table-condensed"> … </table>
Use contextual classes to color table rows.
Class | Description |
---|---|
.success
|
Indicates a successful or positive action. |
.error
|
Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action. |
.warning
|
Indicates a warning that might need attention. |
.info
|
Used as an alternative to the default styles. |
# | Product | Payment Taken | Status |
---|---|---|---|
1 | TB - Monthly | 01/04/2012 | Approved |
2 | TB - Monthly | 02/04/2012 | Declined |
3 | TB - Monthly | 03/04/2012 | Pending |
4 | TB - Monthly | 04/04/2012 | Call in to confirm |
... <tr class="success"> <td>1</td> <td>TB - Monthly</td> <td>01/04/2012</td> <td>Approved</td> </tr> ...
List of supported table HTML elements and how they should be used.
Tag | Description |
---|---|
<table>
|
Wrapping element for displaying data in a tabular format |
<thead>
|
Container element for table header rows (<tr> ) to label table columns
|
<tbody>
|
Container element for table rows (<tr> ) in the body of the table
|
<tr>
|
Container element for a set of table cells (<td> or <th> ) that appears on a single row
|
<td>
|
Default table cell |
<th>
|
Special table cell for column (or row, depending on scope and placement) labels Must be used within a <thead>
|
<caption>
|
Description or summary of what the table holds, especially useful for screen readers |
<table> <caption>...</caption> <thead> <tr> <th>...</th> <th>...</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>...</td> <td>...</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Individual form controls automatically receive some global styling. By default, inputs are set to width: 100%;
.
<form> <fieldset> <legend>Legend</legend> <label>Label name</label> <input type="text" placeholder="Type something…"> <span class="help-block">Example block-level help text here.</span> <div class="checkbox"> <label> <input type="checkbox"> Check me out </label> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn">Submit</button> </fieldset> </form>
Included with Bootstrap are optional form layouts for common use cases.
Add .form-inline
for left-aligned labels and inline-block controls for a compact layout.
<form class="form-inline"> <input type="text" class="span3" placeholder="Email"> <input type="password" class="span3" placeholder="Password"> <div class="checkbox"> <label> <input type="checkbox"> Remember me </label> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn">Sign in</button> </form>
Right align labels and float them to the left to make them appear on the same line as controls. Requires the most markup changes from a default form:
.form-horizontal
to the form.control-group
.control-label
to the label.controls
for proper alignment<form class="form-horizontal"> <div class="control-group"> <label class="control-label" for="inputEmail">Email</label> <div class="controls"> <input type="text" id="inputEmail" placeholder="Email"> </div> </div> <div class="control-group"> <label class="control-label" for="inputPassword">Password</label> <div class="controls"> <input type="password" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password"> </div> </div> <div class="control-group"> <div class="controls"> <div class="checkbox"> <label> <input type="checkbox"> Remember me </label> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn">Sign in</button> </div> </div> </form>
Examples of standard form controls supported in an example form layout.
Most common form control, text-based input fields. Includes support for all HTML5 types: text, password, datetime, datetime-local, date, month, time, week, number, email, url, search, tel, and color.
Requires the use of a specified type
at all times.
<input type="text" placeholder="Text input">
Form control which supports multiple lines of text. Change rows
attribute as necessary.
<textarea rows="3"></textarea>
Checkboxes are for selecting one or several options in a list while radios are for selecting one option from many.
<div class="checkbox"> <label> <input type="checkbox" value=""> Option one is this and that—be sure to include why it's great </label> </div> <div class="radio"> <label> <input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios1" value="option1" checked> Option one is this and that—be sure to include why it's great </label> </div> <div class="radio"> <label> <input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios2" value="option2"> Option two can be something else and selecting it will deselect option one </label> </div>
Use .checkbox-inline
or .radio-inline
class to a series of checkboxes or radios for controls appear on the same line.
<label class="checkbox-inline"> <input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox1" value="option1"> 1 </label> <label class="checkbox-inline"> <input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox2" value="option2"> 2 </label> <label class="checkbox-inline"> <input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox3" value="option3"> 3 </label>
Use the default option or specify a multiple="multiple"
to show multiple options at once.
<select> <option>1</option> <option>2</option> <option>3</option> <option>4</option> <option>5</option> </select> <select multiple="multiple"> <option>1</option> <option>2</option> <option>3</option> <option>4</option> <option>5</option> </select>
Adding on top of existing browser controls, Bootstrap includes other useful form components.
Add text or buttons before, after, or on both sides of any text-based input. Use .input-group
with a .add-on
to prepend or append elements to an <input>
.
Avoid using <select>
elements here as they cannot be fully styled in WebKit browsers.
<div class="input-group span9"> <span class="input-group-addon">@</span> <input type="text" placeholder="Username"> </div> <div class="input-group span6"> <input type="text"> <span class="input-group-addon">.00</span> </div> <div class="input-group span3"> <span class="input-group-addon">$</span> <input type="text"> <span class="input-group-addon">.00</span> </div>
Buttons in input groups are a bit different and require one extra level of nesting. Instead of .input-group-addon
, you'll need to use .input-group-btn
to wrap the buttons. This is required due to default browser styles that cannot be overridden.
<div class="input-group span7"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn" type="button">Go!</button> </span> <input type="text"> </div> <div class="input-group span7"> <input type="text"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn" type="button">Go!</button> </span> </div>
<div class="input-group span7"> <div class="input-group-btn btn-group"> <button class="btn dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"> Action <span class="caret"></span> </button> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> ... </ul> </div> <input type="text"> </div> <div class="input-group span7"> <input type="text"> <div class="input-group-btn btn-group"> <button class="btn dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"> Action <span class="caret"></span> </button> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> ... </ul> </div> </div>
<div class="input-prepend"> <div class="btn-group">...</div> <input type="text" class="span3"> </div> <div class="input-append"> <input type="text" class="span3"> <div class="btn-group">...</div> </div>
Use relative sizing classes like .input-large
or match your inputs to the grid column sizes using .span*
classes.
Create larger or smaller form controls that match button sizes.
<input class="input-large" type="text" placeholder=".input-large"> <input class="input-small" type="text" placeholder=".input-small"> <input class="input-mini" type="text" placeholder=".input-mini">
Use .span1
to .span12
for setting widths on inputs that match Bootstrap's grid system.
<input class="span1" type="text" placeholder=".span1"> <input class="span2" type="text" placeholder=".span2"> <input class="span3" type="text" placeholder=".span3"> <select class="span1"> ... </select> <select class="span2"> ... </select> <select class="span3"> ... </select>
If you need multiple inputs on the same line, wrap them in the standard grid markup (with .row
and .span*
classes). Each input should have it's own column and will expand to fill the available width automatically.
<div class="row"> <div class="span4"> <input type="text" placeholder=".span4"> </div> <div class="span4"> <input type="text" placeholder=".span4"> </div> <div class="span4"> <input type="text" placeholder=".span4"> </div> </div>
Present data in a form that's not editable without using actual form markup.
<span class="input-xlarge uneditable-input">Some value here</span>
End a form with a group of actions (buttons). When placed within a .form-horizontal
, the buttons will automatically indent to line up with the form controls.
<div class="form-actions"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button> <button type="button" class="btn">Cancel</button> </div>
Inline and block level support for help text that appears around form controls.
<input type="text"><span class="help-inline">Inline help text</span>
<input type="text"><span class="help-block">A longer block of help text that breaks onto a new line and may extend beyond one line.</span>
Provide feedback to users or visitors with basic feedback states on form controls and labels.
We remove the default outline
styles on some form controls and apply a box-shadow
in its place for :focus
.
<input id="focusedInput" type="text" value="This is focused...">
Style inputs via default browser functionality with :invalid
. Specify a type
, add the required
attribute if the field is not optional, and (if applicable) specify a pattern
.
<input class="span3" type="email" required>
Add the disabled
attribute on an input to prevent user input and trigger a slightly different look.
<input class="input-xlarge" id="disabledInput" type="text" placeholder="Disabled input here..." disabled>
Add the disabled
attribute to a <fieldset>
to disable all the controls within the <fieldset>
at once. Link buttons (with the <a>
element) will be aesthetically disabled, but you will need custom JavaScript to disable their behavior.
<form class="form-inline"> <fieldset disabled> <input type="text" class="span4" placeholder="Disabled input"> <select class="span4"> <option>Disabled select</option> </select> <div class="checkbox"> <label> <input type="checkbox"> Can't check this </label> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button> </fieldset> </form>
Bootstrap includes validation styles for error, warning, info, and success messages. To use:
.has-warning
, .has-error
, or .has-success
to the parent elementValidation styles are applied on a per-input basis. With horizontal forms, the <label class="control-label">
will always be styled.
<div class="control-group has-warning"> <label class="control-label" for="inputWarning">Input with warning</label> <div class="controls"> <input type="text" class="input-with-feedback" id="inputWarning"> </div> </div> <div class="control-group has-error"> <label class="control-label" for="inputError">Input with error</label> <div class="controls"> <input type="text" class="input-with-feedback" id="inputError"> </div> </div> <div class="control-group has-success"> <label class="control-label" for="inputSuccess">Input with success</label> <div class="controls"> <input type="text" class="input-with-feedback id="inputSuccess""> </div> </div>
Add classes to an <img>
element to easily style images in any project. Rounded corners are not available in IE8.
<img src="..." class="img-rounded"> <img src="..." class="img-circle"> <img src="..." class="img-polaroid">
Bootstrap comes with all 160 of Glyphicons Halflings set, all available in font formats for easy coloring, sizing, and placement.
Glyphicons Halflings are normally not available for free, but an arrangement between Bootstrap and the Glyphicons creator have made this possible at no cost to you as developers. As a thank you, we ask you to include an optional link back to Glyphicons whenever practical.
Add the appropriate class to any inline element. All icon classes are prefixed with glyphicon-
for easy styling. To use, place the following code just about anywhere:
<i class="glyphicon-search"></i>
Want to change the icon color? Just change the color
of the parent element.
When using beside strings of text, as in buttons or nav links, be sure to leave a space after the icon for proper spacing.
Use them in buttons, button groups for a toolbar, navigation, or prepended form inputs.
<div class="btn-toolbar"> <div class="btn-group"> <a class="btn" href="#"><i class="glyphicon-align-left"></i></a> <a class="btn" href="#"><i class="glyphicon-align-center"></i></a> <a class="btn" href="#"><i class="glyphicon-align-right"></i></a> <a class="btn" href="#"><i class="glyphicon-align-justify"></i></a> </div> </div>
<div class="btn-group"> <a class="btn btn-primary" href="#"><i class="glyphicon-user icon-white"></i> User</a> <a class="btn btn-primary dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#"><span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#"><i class="glyphicon-pencil"></i> Edit</a></li> <li><a href="#"><i class="glyphicon-trash"></i> Delete</a></li> <li><a href="#"><i class="glyphicon-ban-circle"></i> Ban</a></li> <li class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#"><i class="i"></i> Make admin</a></li> </ul> </div>
<a class="btn btn-large" href="#"><i class="icon-star"></i> Star</a>
<a class="btn btn-small" href="#"><i class="glyphicon-star"></i></a>
<ul class="nav nav-list"> <li class="active"><a href="#"><i class="glyphicon-home icon-white"></i> Home</a></li> <li><a href="#"><i class="glyphicon-book"></i> Library</a></li> <li><a href="#"><i class="glyphicon-pencil"></i> Applications</a></li> <li><a href="#"><i class="i"></i> Misc</a></li> </ul>
<div class="control-group"> <label class="control-label" for="inputIcon">Email address</label> <div class="controls"> <div class="input-group"> <span class="input-group-addon"><i class="glyphicon-envelope"></i></span> <input class="span2" id="inputIcon" type="text"> </div> </div> </div>
Responsive CSS requires the following meta tag in the <head>
of your pages.
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
Bootstrap supports a handful of media queries to help make your projects more appropriate on different devices and screen resolutions. Here's what's included:
Label | Layout width | Column width | Gutter width |
---|---|---|---|
Large display | 1200px and up | 70px | 30px |
Default | 980px and up | 60px | 20px |
Portrait tablets | 768px and above | 42px | 20px |
Phones to tablets | 767px and below | Fluid columns, no fixed widths | |
Phones | 480px and below | Fluid columns, no fixed widths |
/* Large desktop */ @media (min-width: 1200px) { ... } /* Portrait tablet to landscape and desktop */ @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 979px) { ... } /* Landscape phone to portrait tablet */ @media (max-width: 767px) { ... } /* Landscape phones and down */ @media (max-width: 480px) { ... }
For faster mobile-friendly development, use these utility classes for showing and hiding content by device. Below is a table of the available classes and their effect on a given media query layout (labeled by device).
Class | Phones 767px and below | Tablets 979px to 768px | Desktops Default |
---|---|---|---|
.visible-phone |
Visible | Hidden | Hidden |
.visible-tablet |
Hidden | Visible | Hidden |
.visible-desktop |
Hidden | Hidden | Visible |
.hidden-phone |
Hidden | Visible | Visible |
.hidden-tablet |
Visible | Hidden | Visible |
.hidden-desktop |
Visible | Visible | Hidden |
Use on a limited basis and avoid creating entirely different versions of the same site. Instead, use them to complement each device's presentation. Responsive utilities should not be used with tables, and as such are not supported.
Resize your browser or load on different devices to test the above classes.
Green checkmarks indicate that class is visible in your current viewport.
Here, green checkmarks indicate that class is hidden in your current viewport.