Bootstrap/docs/migration.md

layout	title	group
docs	Migrating to v4	migration

Bootstrap 4 is a major rewrite of almost the entire project. The most notable changes are summarized immediately below, followed by more specific class and behavioral changes to relevant components.

{% callout info %} Heads up! This will be in flux as work on the v4 alphas progresses. Until then consider it incomplete, and we'd love pull requests to help keep it up to date. {% endcallout %}

Summary

Here are the big ticket items you'll want to be aware of when moving from v3 to v4.

Browser support

• Dropped IE8 and iOS 6 support. v4 is now only IE9+ and iOS 7+. For sites needing either of those, use v3.
• Added official support for Android v5.0 Lollipop's Browser and WebView. Earlier versions of the Android Browser and WebView remain only unofficially supported.

Global changes

• Switched from Less to Sass for our source CSS files.
• Switched from px to rem as our primary CSS unit, though pixels are still used for media queries and grid behavior as viewports are not affected by type size.
• Global font-size increased from 14px to 16px.
• Added a new grid tier for ~480px and below.
• Replaced the separate optional theme with configurable options via SCSS variables (e.g., $enable-gradients: true).

Grid system

• Added support for flexbox (set $enable-flex: true and recompile) in the grid mixins and predefined classes.
• As part of flexbox, included support for vertical and horizontal alignment classes.
• Overhauled grid mixins to merge make-col-span into make-col for a singular mixin.
• Added a new sm grid tier below 768px for more granular control. We now have xs, sm, md, lg, and xl. This also means every tier has been bumped up one level (so .col-md-6 in v3 is now .col-lg-6 in v4).
• Changed grid system media query breakpoints and container widths to account for new grid tier and ensure columns are evenly divisible by 12 at their max width.
• Grid breakpoints and container widths are now handled via Sass maps ($grid-breakpoints and $container-max-widths) instead of a handful of separate variables. These replace the @screen-* variables entirely and allow you to fully customize the grid tiers.
• Media queries have also changed. Instead of repeating our media query declarations with the same value each time, we now have @include media-breakpoint-up/down/only. Now, instead of writing @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { ... }, you can write @include media-breakpoint-up(sm) { ... }.

Components

• Dropped panels, thumbnails, and wells for a new all-encompassing component, cards.
• Dropped the Glyphicons icon font. If you need icons, some options are:
  • the upstream version of Glyphicons
  • Octicons
  • Font Awesome
• Dropped the Affix jQuery plugin. We recommend using a position: sticky polyfill instead. See the HTML5 Please entry for details and specific polyfill recommendations.
  • If you were using Affix to apply additional, non-position styles, the polyfills might not support your use case. One option for such uses is the third-party ScrollPos-Styler library.
• Dropped the pager component as it was essentially slightly customized buttons.
• Refactored nearly all components to use more un-nested classes instead of children selectors.

Misc

• Non-responsive usage of Bootstrap is no longer supported.
• Dropped the online Customizer in favor of more extensive setup documentation and customized builds.

By component

This list highlights key changes by component between v3.x.x and v4.0.0.

Reboot

New to Bootstrap 4 is the Reboot, a new stylesheet that builds on Normalize with our own somewhat opinionated reset styles. Selectors appearing in this file only use elements—there are no classes here. This isolates our reset styles from our component styles for a more modular approach. Some of the most important resets this includes are the box-sizing: border-box change, moving from em to rem units on many elements, link styles, and many form element resets.

Typography

• Moved all .text- utilities to the _utilities.scss file.
• Dropped .page-header as, aside from the border, all it's styles can be applied via utilities.
• .dl-horizontal has been dropped. Instead, use .row on <dl> and use grid column classes (or mixins) on its <dt> and <dd> children.
• Custom <blockquote> styling has moved to classes—.blockquote and the .blockquote-reverse modifier.
• .list-inline now requires that its children list items have the new .list-inline-item class applied to them.

Images

• Renamed .img-responsive to .img-fluid.

Tables

• Nearly all instances of the > selector have been removed, meaning nested tables will now automatically inherit styles from their parents. This greatly simplifies our selectors and potential customizations.
• Responsive tables no longer require a wrapping element. Instead, just put the .table-responsive right on the <table>.
• Renamed .table-condensed to .table-sm for consistency.
• Added a new .table-inverse option.
• Added a new .table-reflow option.
• Added table header modifiers: .thead-default and .thead-inverse

Forms

• Moved element resets to the _reboot.scss file.
• Renamed .control-label to .form-control-label.
• Renamed .input-lg and .input-sm to .form-control-lg and .form-control-sm, respectively.
• Dropped .form-group-* classes for simplicity's sake. Use .form-control-* classes instead now.
• Dropped .help-block and replaced it with .form-text for block-level help text. For inline help text and other flexible options, use utility classes like .text-muted.
• Horizontal forms overhauled:
  • Dropped the .form-horizontal class requirement.
  • .form-group no longer applies styles from the .row via mixin, so .row is now required for horizontal grid layouts (e.g., <div class="form-group row">).
  • Added new .form-control-label class to vertically center labels with .form-controls.

Buttons

• Renamed .btn-default to .btn-secondary.
• Dropped the .btn-xs class entirely as .btn-sm is proportionally much smaller than v3's.
• The stateful button feature of the button.js jQuery plugin has been dropped. This includes the $().button(string) and $().button('reset') methods. We advise using a tiny bit of custom JavaScript instead, which will have the benefit of behaving exactly the way you want it to.
  • Note that the other features of the plugin (button checkboxes, button radios, single-toggle buttons) have been retained in v4.

Button group

• Dropped the .btn-group-xs class entirely given removal of .btn-xs.

Dropdowns

• Switched from parent selectors to singular classes for all components, modifiers, etc.
• Simplified dropdown styles to no longer ship with upward or downward facing arrows attached to the dropdown menu.
• Dropdowns can be built with <div>s or <ul>s now.
• Rebuilt dropdown styles and markup to provide easy, built-in support for <a> and <button> based dropdown items.
• Dropdown items now require .dropdown-item.
• Dropdown toggles no longer require an explicit <span class="caret"></span>; this is now provided automatically via CSS's ::after on .dropdown-toggle.

Grid system

• Added a new ~480px grid breakpoint, meaning there are now five total tiers.
• Renamed the responsive grid modifier classes from .col-{breakpoint}-{modifier}-{size} to .{modifier}-{breakpoint}-{size} for simpler grid classes. For example, instead of .col-md-3.col-md-push-9 it's col-md-3.push-md-9.
• Overhauled the grid mixins to merge make-col and make-col-span into a single make-col mixin, thereby ensuring mixins and predefined classes utilize the same float/flex behaviors.
• Added flexbox utility classes for grid system and components.

List groups

• Replaced a.list-group-item with an explicit class, .list-group-item-action, for styling link and button versions of list group items.

Modal

• The remote option (which could be used to automatically load and inject external content into a modal) and the corresponding loaded.bs.modal event were removed. We recommend instead using client-side templating or a data binding framework, or calling jQuery.load yourself.

Navs

• Dropped nearly all > selectors for simpler styling via un-nested classes.
• Instead of HTML-specific selectors like .nav > li > a, we use separate classes for .navs, .nav-items, and .nav-links. This makes your HTML more flexible while bringing along increased extensibility.

Navbar

• Dropped the .navbar-form class entirely. It's no longer necessary.

Pagination

• Explicit classes (.page-item, .page-link) are now required on the descendants of .paginations
• Dropped the .pager component entirely as it was little more than customized outline buttons.

Breadcrumbs

• An explicit class, .breadcrumb-item, is now required on the descendants of .breadcrumbs

Labels, badges, and tags

• Renamed .label to .tag to disambiguate from the <label> element.
• Dropped the .badge component as it was nearly identical to labels/tags. Use the .tag-pill modifier together with the label component instead for that rounded look.
• Tags are no longer floated automatically in list groups and other components. Utility classes are now required for that.

Panels, thumbnails, and wells

Dropped entirely for the new card component.

Panels

• .panel to .card
• .panel-default removed and no replacement
• .panel-heading to .card-header
• .panel-title to .card-header. Depending on the desired look, you may also want to use [heading elements or classes]({{ site.baseurl }}/content/typography/#headings) (e.g. <h3>, .h3) or bold elements or classes (e.g. <strong>, <b>, [.font-weight-bold]({{ site.baseurl }}/components/utilities/#font-weight-and-italics)). Note that .card-title, while similarly named, produces a different look than .panel-title.
• .panel-body to .card-block
• .panel-footer to .card-footer
• .panel-primary to .card-primary and .card-inverse (or use .bg-primary on .card-header)
• .panel-success to .card-success and .card-inverse (or use .bg-success on .card-header)
• .panel-info to .card-info and .card-inverse (or use .bg-info on .card-header)
• .panel-warning to .card-warning and .card-inverse (or use .bg-warning on .card-header)
• .panel-danger to .card-danger and .card-inverse (or use .bg-danger on .card-header)

Carousel

• Renamed .item to .carousel-item.

Utilities

• Added .pull-{xs,sm,md,lg,xl}-{left,right,none} classes for responsive floats and removed .pull-left and .pull-right since they're redundant to .pull-xs-left and .pull-xs-right.
• Added responsive variations to our text alignment classes .text-{xs,sm,md,lg,xl}-{left,center,right} and removed the redundant .text-{left,center,right} utilities as they are the same as the xs variation.
• Dropped .center-block for the new .m-x-auto class.

Vendor prefix mixins

Bootstrap 3's vendor prefix mixins, which were deprecated in v3.2.0, have been removed in Bootstrap 4. Since we use Autoprefixer, they're no longer necessary.

Removed the following mixins: animation, animation-delay, animation-direction, animation-duration, animation-fill-mode, animation-iteration-count, animation-name, animation-timing-function, backface-visibility, box-sizing, content-columns, hyphens, opacity, perspective, perspective-origin, rotate, rotateX, rotateY, scale, scaleX, scaleY, skew, transform-origin, transition-delay, transition-duration, transition-property, transition-timing-function, transition-transform, translate, translate3d, user-select

Documentation

Our documentation received an upgrade across the board as well. Here's the low down:

• We're still using Jekyll, but we have custom plugins in the mix:
  • example.rb is a fork of the default highlight.rb plugin, allowing for easier example-code handling.
  • callout.rb is a similar fork of that, but designed for our special docs callouts.
• All docs content has been rewritten in Markdown (instead of HTML) for easier editing.
• Pages have been reorganized for simpler content and a more approachable hierarchy.
• We moved from regular CSS to SCSS to take full advantage of Bootstrap's variables, mixins, and more.

What's new

We've added new components and changed some existing ones. Here are the new or updated styles.

Component	Description
Cards	New, more flexible component to replace v3's panels, thumbnails, and wells.
New navbar	Replaces the previous navbar with a new, simpler component.
New progress bars	Replaces the old .progress <div> with a real <progress> element.
New table variants	Adds .table-inverse, table head options, replaces .table-condensed with .table-sm, and .table-reflow.
New utility classes

TODO: audit new classes that didn't exist in v3

What's removed

The following components have been removed in v4.0.0.

Component	Removed from 3.x.x	4.0.0 Equivalent
Panels		Cards
Thumbnails		Cards
Wells		Cards
Justified navs

TODO: audit classes in v3 that aren't present in v4

Responsive utilities

All @screen- variables have been removed in v4.0.0. Use the media-breakpoint-up(), media-breakpoint-down(), or media-breakpoint-only() Sass mixins or the $grid-breakpoints Sass map instead.

The responsive utility classes have also been overhauled.

• The .hidden and .show classes have been removed because they conflicted with jQuery's $(...).hide() and $(...).show() methods. Instead, try toggling the [hidden] attribute, use inline styles like style="display: none;" and style="display: block;", or toggle the .invisible class.
• The old classes (.hidden-xs .hidden-sm .hidden-md .hidden-lg .visible-xs-block .visible-xs-inline .visible-xs-inline-block .visible-sm-block .visible-sm-inline .visible-sm-inline-block .visible-md-block .visible-md-inline .visible-md-inline-block .visible-lg-block .visible-lg-inline .visible-lg-inline-block) are gone.
• They have been replaced by .hidden-xs-up .hidden-xs-down .hidden-sm-up .hidden-sm-down .hidden-md-up .hidden-md-down .hidden-lg-up .hidden-lg-down.
• The .hidden-*-up classes hide the element when the viewport is at the given breakpoint or larger (e.g. .hidden-md-up hides an element on medium, large, and extra-large devices).
• The .hidden-*-down classes hide the element when the viewport is at the given breakpoint or smaller (e.g. .hidden-md-down hides an element on extra-small, small, and medium devices).

Rather than using explicit .visible-* classes, you make an element visible by simply not hiding it at that screen size. You can combine one .hidden-*-up class with one .hidden-*-down class to show an element only on a given interval of screen sizes (e.g. .hidden-sm-down.hidden-xl-up shows the element only on medium and large devices).

Note that the changes to the grid breakpoints in v4 means that you'll need to go one breakpoint larger to achieve the same results (e.g. .hidden-md is more similar to .hidden-lg-down than to .hidden-md-down). The new responsive utility classes don't attempt to accommodate less common cases where an element's visibility can't be expressed as a single contiguous range of viewport sizes; you will instead need to use custom CSS in such cases.

Misc notes to prioritize

• Removed the min--moz-device-pixel-ratio typo hack for retina media queries
• Change buttons' [disabled] to :disabled as IE9+ supports :disabled. However fieldset[disabled] is still necessary because native disabled fieldsets are still buggy in IE11.

TODO: audit list of stuff in v3 that was marked as deprecated

Additional notes

• Removed support for styled nested tables (for now)