Bootstrap/site/content/docs/5.0/forms/overview.md

layout	title	description	group	toc	aliases	sections
docs	Forms	Examples and usage guidelines for form control styles, layout options, and custom components for creating a wide variety of forms.	forms	true	/docs/5.0/forms/	title description Form control Style textual inputs and textareas with support for multiple states. title description Select Improve browser default select elements with a custom initial appearance. title description Checks & radios Use our custom radio buttons and checkboxes in forms for selecting input options. title description File Replace browser default file inputs with our custom version with optional JavaScript. title description Range Replace browser default range inputs with our custom version. title description Input group Attach labels and buttons to your inputs for increased semantic value. title description Layout Create inline, horizontal, or complex grid-based layouts with your forms. title description Validation Validate your forms with custom or native validation behaviors and styles.

Overview

Bootstrap's form controls expand on [our Rebooted form styles]({{< docsref "/content/reboot#forms" >}}) with classes. Use these classes to opt into their customized displays for a more consistent rendering across browsers and devices.

Be sure to use an appropriate type attribute on all inputs (e.g., email for email address or number for numerical information) to take advantage of newer input controls like email verification, number selection, and more.

Here's a quick example to demonstrate Bootstrap's form styles. Keep reading for documentation on required classes, form layout, and more.

{{< example >}}

Email address

We'll never share your email with anyone else.

Password

Check me out

Submit {{< /example >}}

Form text

Block-level or inline-level form text can be created using .form-text.

{{< callout warning >}}

Associating form text with form controls

Form text should be explicitly associated with the form control it relates to using the aria-describedby attribute. This will ensure that assistive technologies—such as screen readers—will announce this form text when the user focuses or enters the control. {{< /callout >}}

Form text below inputs can be styled with .form-text. If a block-level element will be used, a top margin is added for easy spacing from the inputs above.

{{< example >}} Password

Your password must be 8-20 characters long, contain letters and numbers, and must not contain spaces, special characters, or emoji.

{{< /example >}}

Inline text can use any typical inline HTML element (be it a <span>, <small>, or something else) with nothing more than the .form-text class.

{{< example >}}

Password

Must be 8-20 characters long.

{{< /example >}}

Disabled forms

Add the disabled boolean attribute on an input to prevent user interactions and make it appear lighter.

{{< highlight html >}} {{< /highlight >}}

Add the disabled attribute to a <fieldset> to disable all the controls within. Browsers treat all native form controls (<input>, <select>, and <button> elements) inside a <fieldset disabled> as disabled, preventing both keyboard and mouse interactions on them.

However, if your form also includes custom button-like elements such as <a class="btn btn-*">...</a>, these will only be given a style of pointer-events: none, meaning they are still focusable and operable using the keyboard. In this case, you must manually modify these controls by adding tabindex="-1" to prevent them from receiving focus and aria-disabled="disabled" to signal their state to assistive technologies.

{{< example >}}

Disabled input

Disabled select menu Disabled select

Can't check this

Submit {{< /example >}}

Accessibility

Ensure that all form controls have an appropriate accessible name so that their purpose can be conveyed to users of assistive technologies. The simplest way to achieve this is to use a <label> element, or—in the case of buttons—to include sufficiently descriptive text as part of the <button>...</button> content.

For situations where it's not possible to include a visible <label> or appropriate text content, there are alternative ways of still providing an accessible name, such as:

• <label> elements hidden using the .visually-hidden class
• Pointing to an existing element that can act as a label using aria-labelledby
• Providing a title attribute
• Explicitly setting the accessible name on an element using aria-label

If none of these are present, assistive technologies may resort to using the placeholder attribute as a fallback for the accessible name on <input> and <textarea> elements. The examples in this section provide a few suggested, case-specific approaches.

While using visually hidden content (.visually-hidden, aria-label, and even placeholder content, which disappears once a form field has content) will benefit assistive technology users, a lack of visible label text may still be problematic for certain users. Some form of visible label is generally the best approach, both for accessibility and usability.