mirror of
https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap.git
synced 2024-12-03 15:24:19 +01:00
112 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
112 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
---
|
||
layout: docs
|
||
title: Spacing
|
||
description: Bootstrap includes a wide range of shorthand responsive margin, padding, and gap utility classes to modify an element's appearance.
|
||
group: utilities
|
||
toc: true
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## Margin and padding
|
||
|
||
Assign responsive-friendly `margin` or `padding` values to an element or a subset of its sides with shorthand classes. Includes support for individual properties, all properties, and vertical and horizontal properties. Classes are built from a default Sass map ranging from `.25rem` to `3rem`.
|
||
|
||
Using the CSS Grid layout module? Consider using [the gap utility](#gap).
|
||
|
||
### Notation
|
||
|
||
Spacing utilities that apply to all breakpoints, from `xs` to `xxl`, have no breakpoint abbreviation in them. This is because those classes are applied from `min-width: 0` and up, and thus are not bound by a media query. The remaining breakpoints, however, do include a breakpoint abbreviation.
|
||
|
||
The classes are named using the format `{property}{sides}-{size}` for `xs` and `{property}{sides}-{breakpoint}-{size}` for `sm`, `md`, `lg`, `xl`, and `xxl`.
|
||
|
||
Where *property* is one of:
|
||
|
||
- `m` - for classes that set `margin`
|
||
- `p` - for classes that set `padding`
|
||
|
||
Where *sides* is one of:
|
||
|
||
- `t` - for classes that set `margin-top` or `padding-top`
|
||
- `b` - for classes that set `margin-bottom` or `padding-bottom`
|
||
- `s` - for classes that set `margin-left` or `padding-left` in LTR, `margin-right` or `padding-right` in RTL
|
||
- `e` - for classes that set `margin-right` or `padding-right` in LTR, `margin-left` or `padding-left` in RTL
|
||
- `x` - for classes that set both `*-left` and `*-right`
|
||
- `y` - for classes that set both `*-top` and `*-bottom`
|
||
- blank - for classes that set a `margin` or `padding` on all 4 sides of the element
|
||
|
||
Where *size* is one of:
|
||
|
||
- `0` - for classes that eliminate the `margin` or `padding` by setting it to `0`
|
||
- `1` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer * .25`
|
||
- `2` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer * .5`
|
||
- `3` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer`
|
||
- `4` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer * 1.5`
|
||
- `5` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer * 3`
|
||
- `auto` - for classes that set the `margin` to auto
|
||
|
||
(You can add more sizes by adding entries to the `$spacers` Sass map variable.)
|
||
|
||
### Examples
|
||
|
||
Here are some representative examples of these classes:
|
||
|
||
```scss
|
||
.mt-0 {
|
||
margin-top: 0 !important;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.ms-1 {
|
||
margin-left: ($spacer * .25) !important;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.px-2 {
|
||
padding-left: ($spacer * .5) !important;
|
||
padding-right: ($spacer * .5) !important;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.p-3 {
|
||
padding: $spacer !important;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Horizontal centering
|
||
|
||
Additionally, Bootstrap also includes an `.mx-auto` class for horizontally centering fixed-width block level content—that is, content that has `display: block` and a `width` set—by setting the horizontal margins to `auto`.
|
||
|
||
<div class="bd-example">
|
||
<div class="mx-auto" style="width: 200px; background-color: rgba(86,61,124,.15);">
|
||
Centered element
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<div class="mx-auto" style="width: 200px;">
|
||
Centered element
|
||
</div>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Negative margin
|
||
|
||
In CSS, `margin` properties can utilize negative values (`padding` cannot). These negative margins are **disabled by default**, but can be enabled in Sass by setting `$enable-negative-margins: true`.
|
||
|
||
The syntax is nearly the same as the default, positive margin utilities, but with the addition of `n` before the requested size. Here's an example class that's the opposite of `.mt-1`:
|
||
|
||
```scss
|
||
.mt-n1 {
|
||
margin-top: -0.25rem !important;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Gap
|
||
|
||
When using `display: grid`, you can make use of `gap` utilities on the parent grid container. This can save on having to add margin utilities to individual grid items (children of a `display: grid` container). Gap utilities are responsive by default, and are generated via our utilities API, based on the `$spacers` Sass map.
|
||
|
||
{{< example html >}}
|
||
<div class="d-grid gap-3">
|
||
<div class="p-2 bg-light border">Grid item 1</div>
|
||
<div class="p-2 bg-light border">Grid item 2</div>
|
||
<div class="p-2 bg-light border">Grid item 3</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
{{< /example >}}
|
||
|
||
Support includes responsive options for all of Bootstrap's grid breakpoints, as well as six sizes from the `$spacers` map (`0`–`5`). There is no `.gap-auto` utility class as it's effectively the same as `.gap-0`.
|