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26 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
26 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: docs
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title: Utilities for layout
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description: For faster mobile-friendly and responsive development, Bootstrap includes dozens of utility classes for showing, hiding, aligning, and spacing content.
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group: layout
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toc: true
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---
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## Changing `display`
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Use our [display utilities](/docs/{{< param docs_version >}}/utilities/display/) for responsively toggling common values of the `display` property. Mix it with our grid system, content, or components to show or hide them across specific viewports.
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## Flexbox options
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Bootstrap 4 is built with flexbox, but not every element's `display` has been changed to `display: flex` as this would add many unnecessary overrides and unexpectedly change key browser behaviors. Most of [our components](/docs/{{< param docs_version >}}/components/alerts/) are built with flexbox enabled.
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Should you need to add `display: flex` to an element, do so with `.d-flex` or one of the responsive variants (e.g., `.d-sm-flex`). You'll need this class or `display` value to allow the use of our extra [flexbox utilities](/docs/{{< param docs_version >}}/utilities/flex/) for sizing, alignment, spacing, and more.
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## Margin and padding
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Use the `margin` and `padding` [spacing utilities](/docs/{{< param docs_version >}}/utilities/spacing/) to control how elements and components are spaced and sized. Bootstrap 4 includes a five-level scale for spacing utilities, based on a `1rem` value default `$spacer` variable. Choose values for all viewports (e.g., `.mr-3` for `margin-right: 1rem`), or pick responsive variants to target specific viewports (e.g., `.mr-md-3` for `margin-right: 1rem` starting at the `md` breakpoint).
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## Toggle `visibility`
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When toggling `display` isn't needed, you can toggle the `visibility` of an element with our [visibility utilities](/docs/{{< param docs_version >}}/utilities/visibility/). Invisible elements will still affect the layout of the page, but are visually hidden from visitors.
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