Bootstrap/site/content/docs/5.2/utilities/spacing.md

layout	title	description	group	toc
docs	Spacing	Bootstrap includes a wide range of shorthand responsive margin, padding, and gap utility classes to modify an element's appearance.	utilities	true

Margin and padding

Assign responsive-friendly margin or padding values to an element or a subset of its sides with shorthand classes. Includes support for individual properties, all properties, and vertical and horizontal properties. Classes are built from a default Sass map ranging from .25rem to 3rem.

{{< callout >}} Using the CSS Grid layout module? Consider using the gap utility instead. {{< /callout >}}

Notation

Spacing utilities that apply to all breakpoints, from xs to xxl, have no breakpoint abbreviation in them. This is because those classes are applied from min-width: 0 and up, and thus are not bound by a media query. The remaining breakpoints, however, do include a breakpoint abbreviation.

The classes are named using the format {property}{sides}-{size} for xs and {property}{sides}-{breakpoint}-{size} for sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl.

Where property is one of:

• m - for classes that set margin
• p - for classes that set padding

Where sides is one of:

• t - for classes that set margin-top or padding-top
• b - for classes that set margin-bottom or padding-bottom
• s - (start) for classes that set margin-left or padding-left in LTR, margin-right or padding-right in RTL
• e - (end) for classes that set margin-right or padding-right in LTR, margin-left or padding-left in RTL
• x - for classes that set both *-left and *-right
• y - for classes that set both *-top and *-bottom
• blank - for classes that set a margin or padding on all 4 sides of the element

Where size is one of:

• 0 - for classes that eliminate the margin or padding by setting it to 0
• 1 - (by default) for classes that set the margin or padding to $spacer * .25
• 2 - (by default) for classes that set the margin or padding to $spacer * .5
• 3 - (by default) for classes that set the margin or padding to $spacer
• 4 - (by default) for classes that set the margin or padding to $spacer * 1.5
• 5 - (by default) for classes that set the margin or padding to $spacer * 3
• auto - for classes that set the margin to auto

(You can add more sizes by adding entries to the $spacers Sass map variable.)

Examples

Here are some representative examples of these classes:

.mt-0 {
  margin-top: 0 !important;
}

.ms-1 {
  margin-left: ($spacer * .25) !important;
}

.px-2 {
  padding-left: ($spacer * .5) !important;
  padding-right: ($spacer * .5) !important;
}

.p-3 {
  padding: $spacer !important;
}

Horizontal centering

Additionally, Bootstrap also includes an .mx-auto class for horizontally centering fixed-width block level content—that is, content that has display: block and a width set—by setting the horizontal margins to auto.

Centered element

<div class="mx-auto" style="width: 200px;">
  Centered element
</div>

Negative margin

In CSS, margin properties can utilize negative values (padding cannot). These negative margins are disabled by default, but can be enabled in Sass by setting $enable-negative-margins: true.

The syntax is nearly the same as the default, positive margin utilities, but with the addition of n before the requested size. Here's an example class that's the opposite of .mt-1:

.mt-n1 {
  margin-top: -0.25rem !important;
}

Gap

When using display: grid or display: flex, you can make use of gap utilities on the parent element. This can save on having to add margin utilities to individual children of a grid or flex container. Gap utilities are responsive by default, and are generated via our utilities API, based on the $spacers Sass map.

{{< example class="bd-example-cssgrid" >}}

Grid item 1

Grid item 2

Grid item 3

Grid item 4

{{< /example >}}

Support includes responsive options for all of Bootstrap's grid breakpoints, as well as six sizes from the $spacers map (0–5). There is no .gap-auto utility class as it's effectively the same as .gap-0.

row-gap

row-gap sets the vertical space between children items in the specified container.

{{< example class="bd-example-cssgrid" >}}

Grid item 1

Grid item 2

Grid item 3

Grid item 4

{{< /example >}}

column-gap

column-gap sets the horizontal space between children items in the specified container.

{{< example class="bd-example-cssgrid" >}}

Grid item 1

Grid item 2

Grid item 3

Grid item 4

{{< /example >}}

Sass

Maps

Spacing utilities are declared via Sass map and then generated with our utilities API.

{{< scss-docs name="spacer-variables-maps" file="scss/_variables.scss" >}}

Utilities API

Spacing utilities are declared in our utilities API in scss/_utilities.scss. [Learn how to use the utilities API.]({{< docsref "/utilities/api#using-the-api" >}})

{{< scss-docs name="utils-spacing" file="scss/_utilities.scss" >}}