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Bootstrap/site/content/docs/5.1/components/scrollspy.md
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Revamp Scrollspy using Intersection observer (#33421) 
* Revamp scrollspy to use IntersectionObserver

* Add smooth scroll support

* Update scrollspy.js/md

* move functionality to method

* Update scrollspy.js

* Add SmoothScroll to docs example

* Refactor Using `Maps` and smaller methods

* Update scrollspy.md/js

* Update scrollspy.spec.js

* Support backwards compatibility

* minor optimizations

* Merge activation functionality

* Update scrollspy.md

* Update scrollspy.js

* Rewording some of the documentation changes

* Update scrollspy.js

* Update scrollspy.md

* tweaking calculation functionality & drop text that suggests, to deactivate target when wrapper is not visible

* tweak calculation

* Fix lint

* Support scrollspy in body & tests

* change doc example to a more valid solution

Co-authored-by: XhmikosR <xhmikosr@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Patrick H. Lauke <redux@splintered.co.uk>
2022-04-13 10:29:13 -07:00

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layout title description group toc
docs Scrollspy Automatically update Bootstrap navigation or list group components based on scroll position to indicate which link is currently active in the viewport. components true

How it works

Scrollspy toggles the .active class on anchor (<a>) elements when the element with the id referenced by the anchor's href is scrolled into view. Generally, it will be most useful in conjunction with a Bootstrap [nav component]({{< docsref "/components/navs-tabs" >}}) or [list group]({{< docsref "/components/list-group" >}}), but it will also work with any anchor elements in the current page.

{{< callout >}}

Scrollable containers and keyboard access

If you're making a scrollable container (other than the <body>), be sure to have a height set and overflow-y: scroll; applied to it—alongside a tabindex="0" to ensure keyboard access. {{< /callout >}}

Example in navbar

Scroll the area below the navbar and watch the active class change. The dropdown items will be highlighted as well.

Navbar

First heading

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Second heading

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Third heading

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Fourth heading

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Fifth heading

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

<nav id="navbar-example2" class="navbar bg-light px-3">
  <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a>
  <ul class="nav nav-pills">
    <li class="nav-item">
      <a class="nav-link" href="#scrollspyHeading1">First</a>
    </li>
    <li class="nav-item">
      <a class="nav-link" href="#scrollspyHeading2">Second</a>
    </li>
    <li class="nav-item dropdown">
      <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown</a>
      <ul class="dropdown-menu">
        <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#scrollspyHeading3">Third</a></li>
        <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#scrollspyHeading4">Fourth</a></li>
        <li><hr class="dropdown-divider"></li>
        <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#scrollspyHeading5">Fifth</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav>
<div data-bs-spy="scroll" data-bs-target="#navbar-example2" data-bs-offset="0" data-bs-smooth-scroll="true" class="scrollspy-example" tabindex="0">
  <h4 id="scrollspyHeading1">First heading</h4>
  <p>...</p>
  <h4 id="scrollspyHeading2">Second heading</h4>
  <p>...</p>
  <h4 id="scrollspyHeading3">Third heading</h4>
  <p>...</p>
  <h4 id="scrollspyHeading4">Fourth heading</h4>
  <p>...</p>
  <h4 id="scrollspyHeading5">Fifth heading</h4>
  <p>...</p>
</div>

Example with nested nav

Scrollspy also works with nested .navs. If a nested .nav is .active, its parents will also be .active. Scroll the area next to the navbar and watch the active class change.

Item 1

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Item 1-1

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Item 1-2

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Item 2

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Item 3

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Item 3-1

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Item 3-2

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

<nav id="navbar-example3" class="navbar bg-light flex-column align-items-stretch p-3">
  <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a>
  <nav class="nav nav-pills flex-column">
    <a class="nav-link" href="#item-1">Item 1</a>
    <nav class="nav nav-pills flex-column">
      <a class="nav-link ms-3 my-1" href="#item-1-1">Item 1-1</a>
      <a class="nav-link ms-3 my-1" href="#item-1-2">Item 1-2</a>
    </nav>
    <a class="nav-link" href="#item-2">Item 2</a>
    <a class="nav-link" href="#item-3">Item 3</a>
    <nav class="nav nav-pills flex-column">
      <a class="nav-link ms-3 my-1" href="#item-3-1">Item 3-1</a>
      <a class="nav-link ms-3 my-1" href="#item-3-2">Item 3-2</a>
    </nav>
  </nav>
</nav>

<div data-bs-spy="scroll" data-bs-target="#navbar-example3" data-bs-offset="0" tabindex="0">
  <h4 id="item-1">Item 1</h4>
  <p>...</p>
  <h5 id="item-1-1">Item 1-1</h5>
  <p>...</p>
  <h5 id="item-1-2">Item 1-2</h5>
  <p>...</p>
  <h4 id="item-2">Item 2</h4>
  <p>...</p>
  <h4 id="item-3">Item 3</h4>
  <p>...</p>
  <h5 id="item-3-1">Item 3-1</h5>
  <p>...</p>
  <h5 id="item-3-2">Item 3-2</h5>
  <p>...</p>
</div>

Example with list-group

Scrollspy also works with .list-groups. Scroll the area next to the list group and watch the active class change.

Item 1

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Item 2

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Item 3

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Item 4

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

<div id="list-example" class="list-group">
  <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#list-item-1">Item 1</a>
  <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#list-item-2">Item 2</a>
  <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#list-item-3">Item 3</a>
  <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" href="#list-item-4">Item 4</a>
</div>
<div data-bs-spy="scroll" data-bs-target="#list-example" data-bs-offset="0" class="scrollspy-example" tabindex="0">
  <h4 id="list-item-1">Item 1</h4>
  <p>...</p>
  <h4 id="list-item-2">Item 2</h4>
  <p>...</p>
  <h4 id="list-item-3">Item 3</h4>
  <p>...</p>
  <h4 id="list-item-4">Item 4</h4>
  <p>...</p>
</div>

Example with simple anchors

Scrollspy is not limited to nav components and list groups, but will work on any <a> anchor elements in the current document. Scroll the area and watch the .active class change.

Item 1

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Item 2

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Item 3

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Item 4

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

Item 5

This is some placeholder content for the scrollspy page. Note that as you scroll down the page, the appropriate navigation link is highlighted. It's repeated throughout the component example. We keep adding some more example copy here to emphasize the scrolling and highlighting.

<div id="list-example" class="d-flex flex-column">
  <a href="#item-1">Item 1</a>
  <a href="#item-2">Item 2</a>
  <a href="#item-3">Item 3</a>
  <a href="#item-4">Item 4</a>
</div>
<div data-bs-spy="scroll" data-bs-target="#list-example" data-bs-offset="0" data-bs-smooth-scroll="true" class="scrollspy-example" tabindex="0">
  <h4 id="item-1">Item 1</h4>
  <p>...</p>
  <h4 id="item-2">Item 2</h4>
  <p>...</p>
  <h4 id="item-3">Item 3</h4>
  <p>...</p>
  <h4 id="item-4">Item 4</h4>
  <p>...</p>
</div>

Usage

Via data attributes

To easily add scrollspy behavior to your topbar navigation, add data-bs-spy="scroll" to the element you want to spy on (most typically this would be the <body>). Then add the data-bs-target attribute with the id or class name of the parent element of any Bootstrap .nav component.

<body data-bs-spy="scroll" data-bs-target="#navbar-example">
  ...
  <div id="navbar-example">
    <ul class="nav nav-tabs" role="tablist">
      ...
    </ul>
  </div>
  ...
</body>

Via JavaScript

var scrollSpy = new bootstrap.ScrollSpy(document.body, {
  target: '#navbar-example'
})

{{< callout danger >}}

Requires resolvable id targets

Links must have resolvable id targets, otherwise they are being ignored. For example, a <a href="#home">home</a> must correspond to something in the DOM like <div id="home"></div> {{< /callout >}}

{{< callout info >}}

Non-visible target elements are ignored

Target elements that are not visible will be ignored and their corresponding nav items will never be highlighted. {{< /callout >}}

Options

Options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScript. For data attributes, append the option name to data-bs-, as in data-bs-root-margin="".

{{< bs-table "table" >}}

Name Type Default Description
rootMargin string 0px 0px -40% Intersection Observer rootMargin valid units, when calculating scroll position.
smoothScroll boolean false Enables smooth scrolling when a user clicks on a link that refers to ScrollSpy observables.
target string | jQuery object | DOM element Specifies element to apply Scrollspy plugin.
{{< /bs-table >}}

{{< callout warning >}} Deprecated Options

Up until v5.1.3 we were using offset & method options, which are now deprecated and replaced by rootMargin. To keep backwards compatibility, we will continue to parse a given offset to rootMargin, but this feature will be removed in v6. {{< /callout >}}

Methods

{{< bs-table "table" >}}

Method Description
refresh When adding or removing elements in the DOM, you'll need to call the refresh method.
dispose Destroys an element's scrollspy. (Removes stored data on the DOM element)
getInstance Static method to get the scrollspy instance associated with a DOM element
getOrCreateInstance Static method to get the scrollspy instance associated with a DOM element, or to create a new one in case it wasn't initialized.
{{< /bs-table >}}

Here's an example using the refresh method:

var dataSpyList = Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('[data-bs-spy="scroll"]'))
dataSpyList.forEach(function (dataSpyEl) {
  bootstrap.ScrollSpy.getInstance(dataSpyEl)
    .refresh()
})

Events

{{< bs-table "table" >}}

Event Description
activate.bs.scrollspy This event fires on the scroll element whenever an anchor is activated by the scrollspy.
{{< /bs-table >}} 
var firstScrollSpyEl = document.querySelector('[data-bs-spy="scroll"]')
firstScrollSpyEl.addEventListener('activate.bs.scrollspy', function () {
  // do something...
})